Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the susceptibility to solidification cracking can be calculated based on the index of |dT/d(fS)1/2| (T: temperature; fS: fraction solid) near the end of solidification. To distinguish the role of transverse tension verse that of solidification shrinkage in solidification cracking, however, computational fluid dynamics was used to calculate the flow of the intergranular liquid towards the roots of columnar dendritic grains using arc welding of Al–Cu alloys as an example. The calculated results show the solidification shrinkage dominates crack formation at the strain rate of 0.0001/s, but transverse tension dominates at the strain rate of 0.1/s. In between, both solidification shrinkage and transverse tension can play a significant role.
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