Medium and high carbon steel rods were welded by friction welding at a high friction pressure and low rotation-rate in order to decrease the peak temperature during the welding. The peak temperatures at both joint surfaces were confirmed to be below the A1 transformation temperature, thus martensitic transformation was prohibited at the dominant part of the joints. The average grain size of the ferrite near the joint interface of both joints was below 1 µm. These joints had both a superior tensile strength and larger elongation than those formed by conventional methods. These results revealed that friction welding below the A1 temperature can improve the mechanical properties of similar joints of medium and high carbon steels.
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