The solution combustion synthesis technique is a versatile method for the production of powders used in a variety of applications. It has been used to produce hundreds of compounds, thus demonstrating its versatility, especially for the preparation of oxides, and is now a workhorse technique in materials science. Its success resides in the ease of implementation, high-throughput, the versatility of chemistries, and capacity for the production of high-surface area powders. The main limitations of the technique include problems with powder agglomeration, possible lack of control of powder morphologies, and the presence of leftover organic impurities from incomplete combustion. In this contribution, we review the influence of a variety of factors of relevance for the technique, including the type of fuel, fuel-to-oxidizer ratio, and combustion temperature, as well as the presence of additives and other special considerations, with a particular focus on the crystallite size and particle size of the resulting powders.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
SheaLEMcKittrickJLopezOAAdvantages of self-propagating combustion reactions for synthesis of oxide phosphors. J Soc Inf Disp. 1997;5:117–125.
2.
MukasyanASDinkaP.Novel approaches to solution–combustion synthesis of nanomaterials. Int J Self Propag High Temp Synth. 2007;16:23–35.
3.
PatilKCArunaSTMimaniT.Combustion synthesis: an update. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2002;6:507–512.
4.
TyagiAKChavanSVPurohitRD.Visit to the fascinating world of nano-ceramic powders via solution-combustion. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2006;44:113–118.
5.
TyagiAK.Combustion synthesis: a soft-chemical route for functional nano-ceramics. BARC Newsl. 2007;285:39–48.
6.
KanakalaRRojas-GeorgeGGraeveOA.Unique preparation of hexaboride nanocubes: a first example of boride formation by combustion synthesis. J Am Ceram Soc. 2010;93:3136–3141.
7.
KanakalaREscuderoRRojas-GeorgeGMechanisms of combustion synthesis and magnetic response of high-surface-area hexaboride compounds. ACS App Mater Interfaces. 2011;3:1093–1100.
8.
CahillJTVasquezVRMistureSTEffect of current on diffusivity in metal hexaborides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9:37357–37363.
9.
CahillJTAlbergaMBahenaJPhase stability of mixed-cation alkaline-earth hexaborides. Cryst Growth Des. 2017;17:3450–3461.
10.
KellyJPKanakalaRGraeveOA.A solvothermal approach for the preparation of nanostructured carbide and boride ultra-high temperature ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2010;93:3035–3038.
11.
SharmaPLoteyGSSinghSSolution-combustion: the versatile route to synthesize silver nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res. 2011;13:2553–2561.
12.
ZhuJXiaoDLiJCharacterization of FeNi3 alloy in Fe–Ni–O system synthesized by citric acid combustion method. Scr Mater. 2006;54:109–113.
13.
SheaLEMcKittrickJLopezOASynthesis of red-emitting, small particle size luminescent oxides using an optimized combustion process. J Am Ceram Soc. 1996;79:3257–3265.
14.
GaneshITorresPMCFerreiraJMF.Densification ability of combustion-derived Al2O3 powders. Ceram Int. 2009;35:1173–1179.
15.
RashadMMEl-SheikhSM.Magnetic properties of nano-clusters lanthanum chromite powders doped with samarium and strontium ions synthesized via a novel combustion method. Mater Res Bull. 2011;46:469–477.
16.
LakshmiVVBauriRPaulS.Effect of fuel type on microstructure and electrical property of combustion synthesized nanocrystalline scandia stabilized zirconia. Mater Chem Phys. 2011;126:741–746.
17.
GhoshSKPrakashADattaSEffect of fuel characteristics on synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite by solution combustion route. Bull Mater Sci. 2010;33:7–16.
18.
GhoshSKRoySKKunduBSynthesis of nano-sized hydroxyapatite powders through solution combustion route under different reaction conditions. Mater Sci Eng: B. 2011;176:14–21.
DeorsolaFAVallauriD.Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles through the impregnated layer combustion synthesis process. J Mater Sci. 2011;46:781–786.
21.
GuLMengG.Powder synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline CeO2 via the combustion processes. Mater Res Bull. 2007;42:1323–1331.
22.
ChungDYLeeEH.Microwave-induced combustion synthesis of Ce1−xSmxO2−x/2 powder and its characterization. J Alloy Compd. 2004;374:69–73.
23.
LopezOAMcKittrickJMSheaLE.Fluorescence properties of polycrystalline Tm3+ activated Y3Al5O12 and Tm3+-Li+ co-activated Y3Al5O12 in the visible and near IR ranges. J Lumin. 1997;71:1–11.
24.
PurohitRDSharmaBPPillaiKTUltrafine ceria powders via glycine-nitrate combustion. Mater Res Bull. 2001;36:2711–2721.
25.
LiaoYJiangDFengTFabrication, structural, and spectroscopic investigation of Tb-doped Lu3Al5O12 phosphor. J Mater Res. 2005;20:2934–2939.
26.
DorofeevaOVRyzhnovaON.Revision of standard molar enthalpies of formation of glycine and L-alanine in the gaseous phase on the basis of theoretical calculations. J Chem Thermodyn. 2009;41:433–438.
27.
IanosRLazauIPacurariuCAqueous combustion synthesis and characterization of ZnO powders. Mater Chem Phys. 2011;129:881–886.
28.
EsmaeiliEKhodadadiAMortazaviY.Microwave-induced combustion process variables for MgO nanoparticle synthesis using polyethylene glycol and sorbitol. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2009;29:1061–1068.
PurohitRDSahaSTyagiAK.Nanocrystalline thoria powders via glycine-nitrate combustion. J Nucl Mater. 2001;288:7–10.
31.
LenkaRKMahataTSinhaRKCombustion synthesis of gadolinia-doped ceria using glycine and urea fuels. J Alloy Compd. 2008;466:326–329.
32.
LimaMDBonadimannRde AndradeMJNanocrystalline Cr2O3 and amorphous CrO3 produced by solution combustion synthesis. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2006;26:1213–1220.
33.
McKittrickJBacalskiCFSheaLEThe influence of processing parameters on luminescent oxides produced by combustion synthesis. Displays. 1999;19:169–172.
34.
WuYTQinLSShiHSPreparation of europium-doped gadolinium lutetium oxide solid solution transparent ceramics and its optical properties. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2010;57:1343–1347.
35.
MukherjeeSTBedekarVPatraAStudy of agglomeration behavior of combustion-synthesized nano-crystalline ceria using new fuels. J Alloy Compd. 2008;466:493–497.
36.
ChenCCHuangKT.Parametric effects of low-temperature combustion synthesis of alumina. J Mater Res. 2005;20:424–431.
37.
ConceicaoLRibeiroNFPFurtadoJGMEffect of propellant on the combustion synthesized Sr-doped LaMnO3 powders. Ceram Int. 2009;35:1683–1687.
38.
VianaKMSDantasBBNogueiraNASInfluence of fuel in the ZnAl2O4 catalytic supports by combustion reaction. Mater Sci Forum. 2010;660-661:52–57.
39.
ZimiczMGFábregasIOLamasDGEffect of synthesis conditions on the nanopowder properties of Ce0.9Zr0.1O2. Mater Res Bull. 2011;46:850–857.
40.
HigginsBBGraeveOAEdwardsDD.New methods for preparing submicrometer powders of the tungstate-ion conductor Sc2(WO4)3 and its Al and In analogs. J Am Ceram Soc. 2013;96:2402–2410.
41.
Zavala-SanchezLAHirataGANovitskayaEDistribution of Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions in hydroxyapatite: a cathodoluminescence and Raman study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2015;1:1306–1313.
42.
GraeveOAKanakalaRMadadiALuminescence variations in hydroxyapatites doped with Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions. Biomaterials. 2010;31:4259–4267.
43.
SinhaKPearsonBCasolcoSRSynthesis and consolidation of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu: development of an integrated process for luminescent smart ceramic materials. J Am Ceram Soc. 2009;92:2504–2511.
44.
GraeveOAVarmaSRojas-GeorgeGSynthesis and characterization of luminescent yttrium oxide doped with Tm and Yb. J Am Ceram Soc. 2006;89:926–931.
45.
GraeveOASinhaK.Dynamic light scattering study of reverse micellar systems for the synthesis of iron-based nanofluids. Int J Mod Phys B. 2007;21:4774–4781.
46.
SinhaKKavlicogluBLiuYA comparative study of thermal behavior of iron and copper nanofluids. J Appl Phys. 2009;106:064307.
47.
GraeveOAMadadiAKanakalaRAnalysis of particle and crystallite size in tungsten nanopowder synthesis. Metall Mater Trans A. 2010;41:2691–2697.
48.
VasquezVRWilliamsBCGraeveOA.Stability and comparative analysis of AOT/water/isooctane reverse micelles system using dynamic light scattering and molecular dynamics. J Phys Chem B. 2011;115:2979–2987.
49.
SaterlieMSSahinHKavlicogluBParticle size effects in the thermal conductivity enhancement of copper-based nanofluids. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011;6:217.
50.
SaterlieMSSahinHKavlicogluBSurfactant effects on dispersion characteristics of copper-based nanofluids: a dynamic light scattering study. Chem Mater. 2012;24:3299–3306.
51.
GraeveOAFathiHKellyJPReverse micelle synthesis of oxide nanopowders: mechanisms of precipitate formation and agglomeration effects. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2013;407:302–309.
52.
Vargas-ConsuelosCISeoKCamacho-LopezMCorrelation between particle size and Raman vibrations in WO3 powders. J Phys Chem C. 2014;118:9531–9537.
53.
CahillJTRuppertJNWallisBDevelopment of mesoporosity in scandia-stabilized zirconia: particle size, solvent, and calcination effects. Langmuir. 2014;30:5585–5591.
54.
FrankMBNalewaySEHaroushTStiff, porous scaffolds from magnetized alumina particles aligned by magnetic freeze casting. Mater Sci Eng C. 2017;77:484–492.
55.
FrankMBSiuSHKarandikarKSynergistic structures from magnetic freeze casting with surface magnetized alumina particles and platelets. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;76:153–163.
56.
SeoKSinhaKNovitskayaEPolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) effects on iron oxide nanoparticle formation. Mater Lett. 2018;215:203–206.
57.
RenTNforbiLNNKanakalaRPhase stability and mechanisms of transformation of La-doped γ-alumina. Inorg Chem. 2018;57:3035–3041.
58.
FathiHKellyJPVasquezVRIonic concentration effects on reverse micelle size and stability: implications for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Langmuir. 2012;28:9267–9274.
59.
KellyJPGraeveOA.Statistical experimental design approach for the solvothermal synthesis of nanostructured tantalum carbide powders. J Am Ceram Soc. 2011;94:1706–1715.
60.
ParkSYooKParkHJRapid gold ion recovery from wastewater by photocatalytic ZnO nanopowders. J Electroceramics. 2006;17:831–834.
61.
ChavanSVPillaiKTTyagiAK.Combustion synthesis of nanocrystalline yttria: tailoring of powder properties. Mater Sci Eng B. 2006;132:266–271.
62.
BoszeEJMcKittrickJHirataGA.Investigation of the physical properties of a blue-emitting phosphor produced using a rapid exothermic reaction. Mater Sci Eng B. 2003;B97:265–274.
63.
TonioloJCTakimiASBergmannCP.Nanostructured cobalt oxides (Co3O4 and CoO) and metallic Co powders synthesized by the solution combustion method. Mater Res Bull. 2010;45:672–676.
64.
RibeiroNFPNetoRCRMoyaSFSynthesis of NiAl2O4 with high surface area as precursor of Ni nanoparticles for hydrogen production. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2010;35:11725–11732.
65.
DerazNM.Size and crystallinity-dependent magnetic properties of copper ferrite nano-particles. J Alloys Compd. 2010;501:317–325.
66.
RaoKVSunandanaCS.Co3O4 nanoparticles by chemical combustion: effect of fuel to oxidizer ratio on structure, microstructure and EPR. Solid State Commun. 2008;148:32–37.
67.
RaoKVSunandanaCS.Effect of fuel to oxidizer ratio on the structure, micro structure, and EPR of combustion synthesized NiO nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2008;8:4247–4253.
68.
RaoKVSunandanaCS.Structure and microstructure of combustion synthesized MgO nanoparticles and nanocrystalline MgO thin films synthesized by solution growth route. J Mater Sci. 2008;43:146–154.
69.
ChavanSVSastryPUMTyagiAK.Combustion synthesis of nano-crystalline Nd-doped ceria and Nd2O3 and their fractal behavior as studied by small angle X-ray scattering. J Alloys Compd. 2008;456:51–56.
70.
CaoZQinMJiaBOne pot solution combustion synthesis of highly mesoporous hematite for photocatalysis. Ceram Int. 2015;41:2806–2812.
71.
ZhangJGaoL.Synthesis of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles by the nitrate–citrate combustion method. Mater Res Bull. 2004;39:2249–2255.
72.
LiJWuYPanYAgglomeration of α-Al2O3 powders prepared by gel combustion. Ceram Int. 2008;34:1539–1542.
73.
ChenQShiYChenJPhotoluminescence of Lu2O3:Eu3+ phosphors obtained by glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis. J Mater Res. 2005;20:1409–1414.
74.
QiZLiuMChenYLocal structure of nanocrystalline Lu2O3:Eu studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Phys Chem C. 2007;111:1945–1950.
75.
Le QuangAQZyssJLedouxIAn hybrid organic-inorganic approach to erbium-functionalized nanodots for emission in the telecom window. Chem Phys. 2005;318:33–43.
76.
PradalNPotdevinAChadeyronGStructural, morphological and optical investigations on BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ elaborated by a microwave induced solution combustion synthesis. Mater Res Bull. 2011;46:563–568.
77.
YeTGuiwenZWeipingZCombustion synthesis and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu phosphors. Mater Res Bull. 1997;32:501–506.
78.
ChenWLiFYuJA facile and novel route to high surface area ceria-based nanopowders by salt-assisted solution combustion synthesis. Mater Sci Eng B. 2006;133:151–156.
79.
DerazNMAlarifiA.Novel processing and magnetic properties of hematite/maghemite nano-particles. Ceram Int. 2012;38:4049–4055.
80.
LeiZZhuQZhangS.Nanocrystalline scandia-doped zirconia (ScSZ) powders prepared by a glycine-nitrate solution combustion route. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2006;26:397–401.
81.
BaiJMengFWeiCSolution combustion synthesis and characteristics of nanoscale MgO powders. Ceram Silik. 2011;55:20–25.
82.
PalneediHMangamVDasSEffect of fuel-to-nitrate ratio on the powder characteristics of nanosized CeO2 synthesized by mixed fuel combustion method. J Alloys Compd. 2011;509:9912–9918.
83.
Ranhan SahuHRanga RaoG.Characterization of combustion synthesized zirconia powder by UV-vis, IR and other techniques. Bull Mater Sci. 2000;23:349–354.
84.
TonioloJCLimaMDTakimiASSynthesis of alumina powders by the glycine-nitrate combustion process. Mater Res Bull. 2005;40:561–571.
85.
TonioloJTakimiASAndradeMJSynthesis by the solution combustion process and magnetic properties of iron oxide (Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3) particles. J Mater Sci. 2007;42:4785–4791.
86.
XuMYangLLiYStructural and magnetic properties of Cu1-xMnxO nanocrystal prepared by combustion synthesis. Phys B. 2011;406:3180–3186.
87.
AhmadipourMVenkateswara RaoKRajendarV.Formation of nanoscale Mg(x)Fe(1-x)O (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) structure by solution combustion: effect of fuel to oxidizer ratio. J Nanomater. 2012;2012:163909.
88.
ChaiyoNMuanghluaRNiemcharoenSSolution combustion synthesis and characterization of lead-free piezoelectric sodium niobate (NaNbO3) powders. J Alloys Compd. 2011;509:2445–2449.
89.
ChavanSVTyagiAK.Nanocrystalline GdFeO3 via the gel-combustion process. J Mater Res. 2005;20:2654–2659.
90.
GroverVChavanSVSastryPUCombustion synthesis of nanocrystalline Zr0.80Ce0.20O2: detailed investigations of the powder properties. J Alloys Compd. 2008;457:498–505.
91.
JiangHQEndoHNatoriHFabrication and photoactivities of spherical-shaped BiVO4 photocatalysts through solution combustion synthesis method. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2008;28:2955–2962.
92.
KuoCLChangYSChangYHSynthesis of nanocrystalline lithium niobate powders via a fast chemical route. Ceram Int. 2011;37:951–955.
93.
KhotVMSalunkheABPhadatareMRFormation, microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline MgFe2O4. Mater Chem Phys. 2012;132:782–787.
94.
NagabhushanaBMChakradharRPSRameshKPEffect of fuel on the formation structure, transport and magnetic properties of LaMnO3+ nanopowders. Philos Mag. 2010;90:2009–2025.
95.
SalunkheABKhotVMPhadatareMRCombustion synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles-influence of fuel to oxidizer ratio. J Alloys Compd. 2012;514:91–96.
96.
AhmedMA.The effect of urea-to-nitrates ratio on the morphology and magnetic properties of Mn0.8Mg0.2Fe2O4. J Magn Magn Mater. 2010;322:763–766.
97.
ChienRRTuCSSchmidtVHSynthesis and characterization of proton-conducting Ba(Zr0.8-xCexY0.2)O2.9 ceramics. Solid State Ionics. 2010;181:1251–1257.
98.
DeganelloFMarciGDeganelloG.Citrate-nitrate auto-combustion synthesis of perovskite-type nanopowders: a systematic approach. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2009;29:439–450.
99.
EpherreRDuguetEMornetSManganite perovskite nanoparticles for self-controlled magnetic fluid hyperthermia: about the suitability of an aqueous combustion synthesis route. J Mater Chem. 2011;21:4393–4401.
100.
KikukawaNTakemoriMNaganoYSynthesis and magnetic properties of nanostructured spinel ferrites using a glycine-nitrate process. J Magn Magn Mater. 2004;284:206–214.
101.
VijayanLCherukiRGovindarajGPhysical and electrical properties of combustion synthesized NASICON type Na3Cr2(PO4)3 crystallites: effect of glycine molar ratios. Mater Chem Phys. 2011;130:862–869.
102.
VermaSJoyPAKurianS.Structural, magnetic and mössbauer spectral studies of nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite powders. J Alloys Compd. 2011;509:8999–9004.
103.
BiaminoSFinoPPaveseMAlumina–zirconia–yttria nanocomposites prepared by solution combustion synthesis. Ceram Int. 2006;32:509–513.
104.
BianchettiMFJuárezRELamasDGSynthesis of nanocrystalline CeO2-Y2O3 powders by a nitrate-glycine gel-combustion process. J Mater Res. 2002;17:2185–2188.
105.
RasouliSDanaeeI.Effect of preparation method on the anti-corrosive properties of nanocrystalline Zn-CoO ceramic pigments. Mater Corros. 2011;62:405–410.
106.
WeilSKHardyJS.Use of combustion synthesis in preparing ceramic-matrix and metal-matrix composite powders. Ceram Eng Sci Proc. 2004;25:159–164.
107.
ChenWLiFYuJRapid synthesis of mesoporous ceria-zirconia solid solutions via a novel salt-assisted combustion process. Mater Res Bull. 2006;41:2318–2324.
108.
SamantaraySMishraBGPradhanDKSolution combustion synthesis and physicochemical characterization of ZrO2-MoO3 nanocomposite oxides prepared using different fuels. Ceram Int. 2011;37:3101–3108.
109.
ValefiMFalamakiCEbadzadehTNew insights of the glycine-nitrate process for the synthesis of nano-crystalline 8YSZ. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;9:2008–2014.
YangWZhangGXieJA combustion method to prepare spinel phase LiMn2O4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources. 1999;81-82:412–415.
112.
SahooPMisraDKSalvadorJMicrostructure and thermal conductivity of surfactant-free NiO nanostructures. J Solid State Chem. 2012;190:29–35.
113.
HyppänenIHölsäJKankareJUp-conversion luminescence properties of Y2O2S:Yb3+, Er3+ nanophosphors. Opt Mater. 2009;31:1787–1790.
114.
TaNChenD.Combustion synthesis of β-Ca1.95P2O7:0.05Eu2+ blue phosphor for near ultraviolet excitation. J Alloy Compd. 2009;484:514–518.
115.
RodriguesLStefaniRBritoHThermoluminescence and synchrotron radiation studies on the persistent luminescence of BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+. J Solid State Chem. 2010;183:2365–2371.
116.
ChenWHongJLiY.Facile fabrication of perovskite single-crystalline LaMnO3 nanocubes via a salt-assisted solution combustion process. J Alloy Compd. 2009;484:846–850.
117.
TongYZhaoSWangXSynthesis and characterization of Er2Sn2O7 nanocrystals by salt-assistant combustion method. J Alloy Compd. 2009;479:746–749.
118.
TongYZhangRZhaoSA convenient method for preparing well-dispersed Er2Zr2O7 nanocrystals. Adv Mater Res. 2010;123–125:611–614.
ManjunathaCNagabhushanaBSunithaDInfluence of halide flux on the crystallinity, microstructure and thermoluminescence properties of CdSiO3:Co2+ nanophosphor. Mater Res Bull. 2013;48:158–166.
121.
RamakrishnaGNagabhushanaHPrashanthaSCRole of flux on morphology and luminescence properties of Sm3+ doped Y2SiO5 nanopowders for WLEDs. Spectrochim Acta A. 2015;136:356–365.
122.
ChenZHongXYanYW.Morphology and luminescence performance of the nano-sized BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor with PEG as additive. J Synth Cryst. 2006;35:1277–1282.
123.
Burgos-MontesOMorenoRColomerMTSynthesis of mullite powders through a suspension combustion process. J Am Ceram Soc. 2006;89:484–489.
124.
CiveraAPaveseMSaraccoGCombustion synthesis of perovskite-type catalysts for natural gas combustion. Catal Today. 2003;83:199–211.
125.
YaoSSLiYYXueLHCombustion synthesis and luminescent properties of a blue-green emitting phosphor: (Ba1.95, Eu0.05)ZnSi2O7:B3+. Cent Eur J Phys. 2009;7:800–805.
126.
TakedaTKoshibaDKikkawaS.Gel combustion synthesis of fine crystalline (Y0.95Eu0.05)2O3 phosphor in presence of lithium flux. J Alloy Compd. 2006;408-412:879–882.
127.
PengTLiuXDaiKEffect of acidity on the glycine–nitrate combustion synthesis of nanocrystalline alumina powder. Mater Res Bull. 2006;41:1638–1645.
128.
PatraHRoutSKPratiharSKEffect of process parameters on combined EDTA–citrate synthesis of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ perovskite. Powder Technol. 2011;209:98–104.
129.
MohebbiHEbadzadehTHesariF.Synthesis of nano-crystalline (Ni/NiO)–YSZ by microwave-assisted combustion synthesis method: the influence of pH of precursor solution. J Power Sources. 2008;178:64–68.
130.
ZavalaLAFernándezPNovitskayaEInterconfigurational and intraconfigurational transitions of Yb2+ and Yb3+ ion in hydroxyapatite: a cathodoluminescence study. Acta Mater. 2017;135:35–43.
131.
ThodaOXanthopoulouGVekinisGReview of recent studies on solution combustion synthesis of nanostructured catalysts. Adv Eng Mater. 2018;20:1800047.
132.
HossainMKKecsenovityEVargaAMolnárMJanákyCRajeshwarK.Solution combustion synthesis of complex oxide semiconductors. Int J Self Propag High Temp Synth. 2018;27:129–140.
133.
DeganelloFTyagiAK.Solution combustion synthesis, energy and environment: best parameters for better materials. Prog Cryst Growth Charact Mater. 2018;64:23–61.
134.
CahillJTGraeveOA.Hexaborides: a review of structure, synthesis and processing. J Mater Res Technol. 2019;8:6321–6335.
135.
GraeveOAYazdaniAKellyJPEffect of SiO2 on the sintering of cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate. Opt Mater. 2020;100:109650.
136.
MotloungSJLephotoMATshabalalaKGCombustion synthesis and characterization of MV0.5P0.5O4:Sm3+,Tm3+ (M = Gd, La, Y). Phys B. 2018;535:211–215.
VietenJBulfinBRoebMCitric acid auto-combustion synthesis of Ti-containing perovskites via aqueous precursors. Solid State Ionics. 2018;315:92–97.
139.
PujarPVardhanRVGuptaDA balancing between super transparency and conductivity of solution combustion derived titanium doped indium oxide: effect of charge carrier density and mobility. Thin Solid Films. 2018;660:267–275.
140.
XuanHXuYZhangYOne-step combustion synthesis of porous CNTs/C/NiMoO4 composites for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. J Alloys Compd. 2018;745:135–146.
141.
Ardebilchi MarandNMasoudpanahSMBagfhiMSPhotocatalytic activity of nickel sulfide composite powders by solution combustion method. J Electron Mater. 2020;49:1266–1272.
ZahiriMAfaraniMSArabiAM.Dual functions of thiourea for solution combustion synthesis of ZnO/ZnS composite powders: fuel and sulphur source. Appl Phys A. 2018;124:663.
