Reliability and Construct Validity of 3 Psychometric Trust Scales for Women Seeking Substance Abuse Treatment in a Community Setting

Abstract

Background: Women with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) constitute a unique population with gender-specific needs in treatment. Most notable is high rates of prior trauma and the need for a trauma-informed care framework. Given theoretical links between trauma and interpersonal trust, understanding quantitatively how trust may impact outcomes for women in this population requires confirmation of validity of existing psychometric instruments.

Objective: This study sought to confirm reliability and construct validity of the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale, Wake Forest Trust in Physician Scale, and the Revised Health Care System Distrust Scale (RHCSDS) for use in women with a history of SUD seeking treatment in a community-based setting.

Methods: A total of 301 participants were enrolled between August 2017 and March 2018 at an urban, community-based residential substance abuse treatment program in the mid-South. Participants were given an electronic survey containing questions about demographics/clinical characteristics, the Rotter, Wake Forest, and RHCSDS scales, Socially Desirable Response Five-Item Survey (SDRS-5), and the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire. All participants also completed a modified protocol of the “Trust Game.” Statistical analysis was completed for each trust scale in regard to scale means and distribution, internal consistency, interscale correlation, and scale correlation to the ACE score.

Results: Results confirm statistically significant (P < .001) differences in global trust and trust of health care providers compared with general population samples in prior studies. Internal consistency of scales is comparable to reliability testing in prior studies (α > .70 for all scales). Interscale correlation between individual scales is statistically significant, with the strongest relationship between the 2 health care–specific scales (r = −.740, P < .001). There was a weak, negative correlation between the ACE score and interpersonal trust (r = −.135, P = .019). Individual scales do not have statistically significant correlation with “Trust Game” scores.

Discussion: Findings suggest reliability and construct validity of scales for use in this population.

Keywords

Substance use disorder trust in health care women substance use disorder

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ashley

, Marsden

, Brady

. Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: a review. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2003;29(1):19–53.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs for Women: A Treatment Improvement Protocol: TIP 51. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2013.

Greenfield

, Brooks

, Gordon

, . Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;86(1):1–21.

Pelissier

, Jones

. A review of gender differences among substance abusers. Crime Delinq. 2005;51(3):343–372.

Najavits

, Weiss

, Shaw

. The link between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in women. Am J Addict. 1997;6(4):273–283.

Greenfeld

, Snell

. Bureau of justice statistics special report: women offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Program; 1999.

Adams

, Leukefeld

, Peden

. Substance abuse treatment for women offenders: a research review. J Addict Nurs. 2008;19(2):61–75.

Huntington

, Moses

, Veysey

. Developing and implementing a comprehensive approach to serving women with co-occurring disorders and histories of trauma. J Community Psychol. 2005;33(4):395–410.

Clark

, Power

. Women, co-occurring disorders, and violence study: a case for trauma-informed care. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005;28(2):145–146.

10.

Miller

, Guidry

. Addictions and trauma recovery: healing the body, mind, and spirit. New York, NY: WW Norton & Co; 2001.

11.

Harris

, Fallot

. Envisioning a trauma-informed service system: a vital paradigm shift. New Dir Ment Health Serv. 2001;2001(89):3–22.

12.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. A treatment improvement protocol: trauma-informed care in behavioral health services: TIP 57. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014.

13.

Najavits

. Guilford substance abuse series. Seeking safety: a treatment manual for PTSD and substance abuse. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2002.

14.

Reeves

. A synthesis of the literature on trauma-informed care. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2015;36(9):698–709.

15.

Simmons

, Suarez

. Substance abuse and trauma. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2016;25(4):723–734.

16.

Davis

, Petretic-Jackson

. The impact of child sexual abuse on adult interpersonal functioning: a review and synthesis of the empirical literature. Aggress Violent Behav. 2000;5(3):291–328.

17.

Gobin

, Freyd

. The impact of betrayal trauma on the tendency to trust. Psychol Trauma. 2014; 6(5):505–511.

18.

Poole

, Dobson

, Pusch

. Do adverse childhood experiences predict adult interpersonal difficulties? The role of emotion dysregulation. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;80:123–133.

19.

Delker

, Smith

, Rosenthal

, Bernstein

, Freyd

. When home is where the harm is: family betrayal and posttraumatic outcomes in young adulthood. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2018;27(7):720–743.

20.

Freyd

, Birrell

. Blind to betrayal: why we fool ourselves we aren't being fooled. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2013.

21.

Reeves

, Humphreys

. Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(5-6):1170–1182.

22.

Muzik

, Ads

, Bonham

, Rosenblum

, Broderick

, Kirk

. Perspectives on trauma-informed care from mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment: a qualitative study. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(12):1215–1224.

23.

Battaglia

, Finley

, Liebschutz

. Survivors of intimate partner violence speak out: trust in the patient-provider relationship. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(8):617–623.

24.

Rotter

. A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust. J Pers. 1967;35(4):651–665.

25.

Rempel

, Holmes

, Zanna

. Trust in close relationships. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985;49(1):95–112.

26.

Yamagishi

, Yamagishi

. Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motiv Emot. 1994; 18(2):129–166.

27.

Berg

, Dickhaut

, McCabe

. Trust, reciprocity, and social history. Games Econ Behav. 1995;10(1):122–142.

28.

Couch

, Adams

, Jones

. The assessment of trust orientation. J Pers Assess. 1996;67(2):305–323.

29.

Anderson

, Dedrick

. Development of the trust in physician scale: a measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships. Psychol Rep. 1990;67:1091–1100.

30.

Kao

, Green

, Zaslavsky

. The relationship between method of physician payment and patient trust. JAMA 1998;280(19):1708–1714.

31.

Safran

, Kosinski

, Tarlov

, . The primary care assessment survey: tests of data quality and measurement performance. Med Care. 1998;36(5):728–739.

32.

Hall

, Zheng

, Dugan

, . Measuring patients’ trust in their primary care providers. Med Care Res Rev. 2002;59(3):293–318.

33.

Balkrishnan

, Hall

, Blackwelder

, Bradley

. Trust in insurers and access to physicians: associated enrollee behaviors and changes over time. Health Serv Res. 2004;39(4 Part I):813–824.

34.

LaVeist

, Isaac

, Williams

. Mistrust of health care organizations is associated with underutilization of health services. Health Serv Res. 2009;44(6):2093–2105.

35.

Mainous

, Smith

, Geesey

, Tilley

. Development of a measure to assess patient trust in medical researchers. Ann Fam Med. 2006;4(3):247–252.

36.

Straten

GFM

, Friele

, Groenewegen

. Public trust in Dutch health care. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(2):227–234.

37.

Rose

, Peters

, Shea

, Armstrong

. Development and testing of the health care system distrust scale. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(1):57–63.

38.

Shea

, Micco

, Dean

, McMurphy

, Schwartz

, Armstrong

. Development of a revised health care system distrust scale. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(6):727–732.

39.

Gilson

. Trust and the development of health care as a social institution. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(7):1453–1468.

40.

Haahr

. RANDOM.ORG: True Random Number Service [Webpage]. Available at: http://www.random.org. Accessed September 5, 2018.

41.

Johnson

, Mislin

. Trust games: a meta-analysis. J Econ Psychol. 2011;32:365–889.

42.

Hays

, Hayashi

, Stewart

. A five-item measure of socially desirable response set. Educ Psychol Meas. 1989;49(3):629–636.

43.

Crowne

, Marlowe

. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Psychol. 1960;24(4):349–354.

44.

Felitti

, Anda

, Nordenberg

, . Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. Am J Prev Med. 1998;4(4):245–258.

45.

Reavis

, Looman

, Franco

, Rojas

. Adverse childhood experiences and adult criminality: how long must we live before we possess our own lives? Perm J. 2013;17(2):44–48.

46.

Bruskas

, Tessin

. Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial well-being of women who were in foster care as children. Perm J. 2013;17(3):e131–e141.

47.

van der Kolk

. The body keeps the score: brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. London, UK: Penguin Books; 2015.

48.

Dube

, Felitti

, Dong

, Chapman

, Giles

, Anda

. Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatrics 2003;111(3):564–572.

49.

Guerrero

, Mendes de Leon

, Evans

, Jacobs

. Determinants of trust in health care in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(3):553–557.

50.

Halbert

, Armstrong

, Gandy

, Shaker

. Racial differences in trust in health care providers. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(8):896–901.

51.

Boulware

, Cooper

, Ratner

, LaVeist

, Powe

. Race and trust in the health care system. Public Health Rep. 2003;118(4):358–365.

52.

, Fung

. Age differences in trust: an investigation across 38 countries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2013;68(3):347–355.

53.

Roche

, Keith

. How stigma affects healthcare access for transgender sex workers. Br J Nurs. 2014;23(21):1147–1152.

54.

Sallans

. Lessons from a transgender patient for health care professionals. AMA J Ethics. 2016;18(11):1139–1146.

55.

Cockroft

, Adams

, Bonnet

, Matlock

, McMillan

, Schlundt

. “A scarlet letter”: stigma and other factors affecting trust in the health care system for wommen seeking substance abuse treatment in a community setting. Subst Abus. 2019:1–8. doi:10.1080/08897077.2018.1544184.

56.

Harris

, Taylor

, Thielke

, Payne

, Gonzalez

, Conde

. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)–a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–381.

57.

Hochreich

, Rotter

. Have college students become less trusting? J Pers Soc Psychol. 1970;15(3):211–214.

58.

Armstrong

, Putt

, Halbert

, . The influence of health care policies and health care system distrust on willingness to undergo genetic testing. Med Care. 2012; 50(5):381–387.

59.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaiser Permanente. About the CDC-Kaiser ACE Study. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016.

60.

Chun

, Campbell

. Dimensionality of the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale. Psychol Rep. 1974;35(3):1059–1070.

61.

Hardt

, Rutter

. Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences. J Child Psychol Psychiat. 2004;45(2):260–273.

62.

Carlson

, Smith

, Palmieri

, . Development and validation of a brief self-report measure of trauma exposure: the Trauma History Screen. Psychol Assess. 2011; 23(2):463–477.

63.

Schnurr

, Spiro

, Vielhauer

, Findler

, Hamblen

. Trauma in the lives of older men: findings from the Normative Aging Study. J Clinical Geropsychology. 2002;8(3):175–187.

64.

Armstrong

, Rose

, Peters

, Long

, McMurphy

, Shea

. Distrust of the health care system and self-reported health in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(4):292–297.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.13 MB