Smokeless Tobacco use among United States Air Force Trainees

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in the United States Air Force (USAF) exceeds civilian use rates. The prevalence and correlates of smokeless tobacco use were assessed and evaluated in a sample of USAF trainees.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of USAF technical training school personnel at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland and Fort Sam Houston (N = 14,810). Survey completion rate was 78%. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between demographic variables, tobacco use, and social factors for both regular and infrequent smokeless tobacco (e.g., chewing tobacco, snuff) users.

Results

Overall, 16% of Airmen had ever used smokeless tobacco and 10% regularly used smokeless tobacco. In multivariate analyses, men had greater odds than women of regular smokeless tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 15.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.8–21.5) and infrequent smokeless tobacco use (adjusted OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 3.1–5.7). Smokeless tobacco use was associated with participation in high school sports (adjusted OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6–2.3 for regular users; adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7 for infrequent users), smoking cigarettes (adjusted OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 3.6–5.1 for regular users; adjusted OR = 4.0; 95% CI: 3.2–5.0 for infrequent users), or living with someone who used smokeless tobacco (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.9–2.6 for regular users; adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7 for infrequent users). Black or African Americans were less likely than whites to be regular (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.4) or infrequent (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.4) users of smokeless tobacco.

Conclusions

Smokeless tobacco use among incoming Air Force recruits is common and negatively impacts the Air Force's goal to be tobacco-free. Understanding sociodemographic characteristics perpetuating smokeless tobacco use in the Air Force population can inform the development of health promotion interventions.