Substance use Disorders in Children and Adolescents and the Impact on Children in Families Affected by Substance use

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Johnston

, O'Malley

and Bachman

. 2002. Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2001, Bethesda, Md.: National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIH publication 02–5105

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2000. Annual National Household Survey, Rockville, Md.: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. DHHS publication (SMA) 00–3466

Grant

and Dawson

. 1998. Age of onset of drug use and its association with DSM–IV drug abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Substance Abuse, 10 (2): 163–173.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000. Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 1999. MMWR, 43: 1–96.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Alcohol involvement in fatal motor–vehicle crashes—United States, 1997–1998. MMWR, 48: 1086–1087.

DuRant

, Krowchuk

, Kreiter

, Sinai

and Woods

. 1999. Weapon carrying on school property among middle school students. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 153: 21–26.

DuRant

, Smith

, Kreiter

and Krowchuk

. 1999. The relationship between early age of onset of initial substance use and engaging in multiple health risk behaviors among young adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 153: 286–291.

Woods

, Lin

, Middleman

, Beckford

, Chase

and DuRant

. 1997. The associations of suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics, 99: 791–796.

Gans

, Blyth

, Elster

and Gaveras

. 1990. America's Adolescents: How Healthy Are They?, AMA Profiles of Adolescent Health Series Vol. 1, 6Chicago, Ill.: American Medical Association.

10.

McKenzie

. 1993. Influence of drug use on adolescent sexual activity. Adolesc Med State Art Rev, 4: 417

11.

Keller

, Lavori

, Beardslee

, Wunder

, Drs

and Hasin

. 1992. Clinical course and outcome of substance abuse disorders in adolescents. J Substance Abuse Treatment, 9: 9–14.

12.

Kandel

, Johnson

, Bird

, Weissman

, Goodman

, Lahey

, Regier

and Schwab–Stone

. 1999. Psychiatric comorbidity among adolescents with substance use disorders: Findings from the MECA study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38: 693–699.

13.

Zeitlin

. 1999. Psychiatric comorbidity with substance misuse in children and teenagers. Drug Alcohol Depend, 55: 225–234.

14.

Klein

and Mannuzza

. 1991. Long–term outcome of hyperactive children: A review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 30: 383–387.

15.

Wilens

, Biederman

and Mick

. 1998. Does ADHD affect the course of substance abuse?. Am J Addict, 7: 156–163.

16.

Rounsaville

, Anton

, Carroll

, Budde

, Prusoff

and Gawin

. 1991. Psychiatric diagnoses of treatment–seeking cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48: 43–51.

17.

Kellam

, Brown

, Rubin

and Ensminger

. 1983. “Paths leading to teenage psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse: developmental epidemiological studies in Woodlawn”. In Childhood Psychopathology and Development, Edited by: Guze

, Earls

and Barrett

. 17–47. New York: Plenum Press.

18.

Brook

and Newcomb

. 1995. Childhood aggression and unconventionality: impact on later academic achievement, drug use, and workforce involvement. J Genet Psychol, 156 (4): 393–410.

19.

Crowley

and Riggs

. 1995. Adolescent substance use disorder with conduct disorder and co–morbid conditions. NIDA Res Monogr Series, 156: 49–111.

20.

Wilens

, Biederman

and Spencer

. 1996. Attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder and the psychoactive SUD. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am, 5: 73–91.

21.

Lewinsohn

, Gotlib

and Seeley JR . 1995. Adolescent psychopathology: IV. Specificity of psychosodal risk factors for depression and substance abuse in older adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34: 1221–1229.

22.

Riggs

, Baker

, Mikulich

, Young

and Crowley

. 1995. Depression In substance–dependent delinquents. J Am Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry, 34: 764–771.

23.

Hovens

JGFM

, Cantwell

and Kiriakos

. 1994. Psychiatric comorbidity in hospitalized adolescent substance abusers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 33: 476–483.

24.

Rohde

, Lewinsohn

and Seeley JR . 1996. Psychiatric comorbidity with problematic alcohol use in high school students. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35: 101–109.

25.

Whitmore

, Mikulich

, Thompson

, Riggs

, Aarons

and Crowley

. 1997. Influences on adolescent substance dependence: conduct disorder, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and gender. Drug Alcohol Depend, 47: 87–97.

26.

Crowley

, Mikulich

, MacDonald

, Young

and Zerbe

. 1998. Substance–dependent, conduct–disordered adolescent males: Severity of diagnosis predicts 2–year outcome. Drug Alcohol Depend, 49: 225–237.

27.

Disney

, Elkins

, McGue

and Iacono

. 1999. Effects of ADHD, conduct disorder, and gender on substance use and abuse in adolescence. Am J Psychiatry, 156: 1515–1521.

28.

Greenfield

, Hechtman

and Weiss

. 1988. Two subgroups of hyperactives as adults: Correlation of outcome. Canad J Psychiatry, 33: 505–508.

29.

Homer

and Scheibe

. 1997. Prevalence and implications of attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36: 30–36.

30.

Biederman

, Wilens

, Mick

, Faraone

and Spencer

. 1998. Does attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder impact the developmental course of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence?. Biol Psychiatry, 44: 269–273.

31.

Hoegerman

, Resnick

and Schnoll

. 1993. Attention deficits in newly abstinent substance abusers: Childhood recollections and attention performance in thirty–nine subjects. J Addict Dis, 12: 37–53.

32.

Lynskey

and Hall

. 2001. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: Is there a causal link?. Addiction, 96: 815–822.

33.

Marttunen

, Aro

, Henriksson

and Lonnqvist

. 1994. Psychosocial stressors more common in adolescent suicides with alcohol abuse compared with depressive adolescent suicides. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 33: 490–497.

34.

Eigen

and Rowden

. 2000. “A methodology and current estimates of the number of children of alcoholics in the United States”. In Children of Alcoholics: Selected Readings, Edited by: Stephanie

Abbott

. Rockville, Md.: NACoA.

35.

Webb

, Baer

and McKelvey

. 1995. Development of a risk profile for intentions to use alcohol among fifth and sixth graders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34: 772–778.

36.

Grant

. 2000. Estimates of U.S. children exposed to alcohol abuse and dependence in the family. Am J Public Health, 90 (1): 112–115.

37.

1990. Children of Alcoholics in the Medical System: Hidden Problems, Hidden Costs, New York: Children of Alcoholics Foundation.

38.

Weinberg

. 1997. Cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with parental alcohol use. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36: 1177–1186.

39.

Streissguth

, Grant

, Barr

, Brown

, Martin

, Mayock

, Ramey

and Moore

. 1991. Cocaine and the use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 164(5): 1239–1243. pt 1

40.

Stratton

, Howe

and Bataglia

. 1996. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment, Institute of Medicine ReportWashington DC: National Academy Press.

41.

Tarter

, Kabene

, Escallier

, Laird

and Jacob

. 1990. Temperament deviation and risk for alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 14 (3): 380–82.

42.

Kuperman

, Scholosser

, Lindral

and Reich

. 1999. Relationship of child psychopathology to parental alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38: 686–692.

43.

Hill

, Lower

, Locke

, Snidman

and Kagan

. 1999. Behavioral inhibition in children from families at high risk for developing alcoholism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38: 410–417.

44.

Howard

and Beckwith

. 1996. Issues in subject recruitment and retention with pregnant and parenting substance–abusing women. NIDA Res Monogr Series, 166: 68–86.

45.

Sinclair

. 1998. Head Start children at risk: Relationship of prenatal drug exposure of special needs and subsequent special education kindergarten placement. Behav Disorders, 23 (2): 125–133.

46.

Lester

, LaGasse

and Seifer

. 1998. Cocaine exposure and children: The meaning of subtle effects. Science, 282 (5389): 633–634.

47.

Wilens

, Biederman

, Kiely

, Bredin

and Spencer

. 1995. Pilot study of behavioral and emotional disturbances in the high–risk children of parents with opioid dependence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34 (6): 779–85.

48.

Stanger

, Higgins

, Bickel

, Elk

, Grabowski

, Schmitz

, Amass

, Kirby

and Seracini

. 1999. Behavioral and emotional problems among children of cocaine– and opiate–dependent parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38: 421–428.

49.

Clark

, Pollock

, Bukstein

, Mezzich

, Bromberger

and Donovan

. 1997. Gender and comorbid psychopathology in adolescents with alcohol dependence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36: 1195–1203.

50.

Merikangas

, Stolar

, Stevens

, Goulet

, Preisig

, Fenton

, Zhang

, O'Malley

and Rounsaville

. 1998. Familial transmission of substance use disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55: 973–979.

51.

Nunes

, Weissman

, Goldstein

, McAvay

, Seracini

, Verdeli

and Wickramaratne

. 1998. Psychopathology in children of parents with opiate dependence and/or major depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 37: 1142–1151.

52.

Chilcoat

and Anthony

. 1996. Impact of parent monitoring on initiation of drug use through late childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35: 91–100.

53.

Stronski

, Ireland

, Michaud

, Narring

and Resnick

. 2000. Protective correlates of stages in adolescent substance use: A Swiss national study. J Adolesc Health, 26: 420–427.

54.

Greer

, Bauchner

and Zuckerman

. 1990. Pediatricians’ knowledge and practices regarding parental use of alcohol. Am J Dis Child, 144 (11): 1234–1237.

55.

Duggan

, Adger

Jr , McDonald

, Stokes

and Moore

. 1991. Detection of alcoholism in hospitalized children and their families. Am J Dis Child, 145 (6): 613–617.

56.

Graham

, Zyzanski

, Reeb

, Sedlacek

and Emmitt–Myers

. 1994. Physician documentation of family alcohol problems. J Subst Abuse, 6 (1): 95–103.

57.

Green

. 1994. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, Arlington, Va.: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health.

58.

Elster

and Kunzites

. 1994. AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS), Baltimore, Md.: Williams & Wilkins.

59.

Livener

and Elster

. 1995. AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS): Clinical Evaluation and Management Handbook, Chicago, Ill.: American Medical Association.

60.

American Academy of Pediatrics. 1998. Tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs: The role of the pediatrician in prevention and management of substance abuse. Pediatrics, 101: 125–128.

61.

American Academy of Pediatrics. 1997. “Periodic Survey of Fellows #31: Practices and Attitudes Toward Adolescent Drug Screening”. Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics.

62.

Halpern–Felser

, Ozer

Millstein

. 2000. Preventive services in a health maintenance organization. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154: 173–179.

63.

Adger

Jr , Macdonald

and Wenger

. 1999. Core competencies for involvement of health care providers in the care of children and adolescents in families affected by substance abuse. Pediatrics, 103(5): 1083–1084. pt2

64.

Weinberg

and Glantz

. 1999. Child psychopathology risk factors for drug abuse: overview. J Clin Child Psychol, 28 (3): 290–297.

65.

Winters

. 1999. Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders:, Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series Vol 31, Rockville, Md.: Department of Health and Human Services. Publication (SMA) 99–3282

66.

Werner

, Joffe

and Graham

. 1999. Screening, early identification, and office–based intervention for children and youth living in substance–abusing families. Pediatrics, 103(5): 1099–1111. pt 2

67.

Knight JR . 2001. The role of the primary provider in preventing and treating alcohol problems in adolescents. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 1: 150–161.

68.

Macdonald

and Blume

. 1986. Children of Alcoholics. Am J Dis Child, 140: 750–754.

69.

Adger

, Blondell

, Cooney

, Finch

, Gramham

Macdonald

. 2002. Helping Children and Adolescents in Families Affected by Substance Use: A Guide for Health Professionals, Bethesda, Md.: National Association for Children of Alcoholics and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.