Vladimir Bukovsky was first arrested in 1963 for the possession of anti-Soviet literature and interned in a special psychiatric hospital for 14 months. In 1965, he was rearrested for co-organising a Moscow human rights demonstration in defence of writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yulii Daniel, and sent to a series of mental hospitals. Released in 1966, he was detained again in 1967 for organising a demonstration and sentenced to three years in a labour camp. His fourth arrest in 1971 led to a further seven years in prison and five years' exile. In December 1976, Bukovsky was released in exchange for the Chilean prisoner Louis Karvallan. He was interviewed by Irena Maryniak
