The flue gas temperature of the Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) in the HIsmelt process is high while the temperature of the molten iron is low. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency between the upper and lower regions in the SRV needs to be further improved. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the SRV were studied to derive the mass fraction, temperature distribution, and gas motion. The error between the simulated and measured values remained stable within 5%. The gas in the centre of the SRV shows a high-speed vortex flow. The combustion reaction mainly occurs in the centre of the furnace. Since the heat transfer in the furnace is mainly influenced by the gas flow, the high-temperature zone shows a U-shaped distribution and is mainly around the centre of the region, the oxygen lance outlet, and the furnace wall.
WileyDEHoMTBustamanteA.Assessment of opportunities for CO2 capture at iron and steel mills: An Australian perspective. Energy Procedia. 2011;4:2654–2661, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.165.
4.
StephensDTabibMSchwarzMPet al.CFD simulation of bath dynamics in the HIsmelt smelt reduction vessel for iron production. Prog Comput Fluid Dyn2012;12:196. doi:10.1504/pcfd.2012.047462.
5.
HuCLuoKZhouMet al.Influences of secondary gas injection pattern on fluidized bed combustion process: a CFD-DEM study. Fuel. 2020;268:117314. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117314.
6.
LiYLiHGuoHet al.A numerical investigation on methane combustion and emissions from a natural gas-diesel dual fuel engine using CFD model. Appl Energy. 2017;205:153–162. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.071.
7.
WeiY. and Iop: 1st International Conference on Frontiers of Materials Synthesis and Processing (FMSP 2017), (ChangSha), 2017, 012012. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/274/1/012012.
ZakrzewskaBJaworskiZ.CFD modeling of turbulent jacket heat transfer in a rushton turbine stirred vessel. Chem Eng Technol2004;27:237–242. doi:10.1002/ceat.200401988.
10.
VeynanteDVervischL.Turbulent combustion modeling. Prog Energy Combust Sci2002;28:193–266. doi:10.1016/s0360-1285(01)00017-x.
11.
WuZAguirreATranAet al.Model predictive control of a steam methane reforming reactor described by a computational fluid dynamics model. Ind Eng Chem Res2017;56:6002–6011. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00390.
12.
NatsuiSUedaSNogamiHet al.Analysis on non-uniform Gas flow in blast furnace based on DEM-CFD combined model. Steel Res Int2011;82:964–971. doi:10.1002/srin.201000292.
13.
DavisMPDryRJSchwarzMP. ISSTech 2003 Conference Proceedings: Ironmaking, Process Technology, Wolf Symposium(ITCPIMPTWS 2003), (Indianapolis), Iron and Steel Society, Warrendale, 2003. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228718832.
14.
MarkPSchwarzMP. The 3rd International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries(ICCMPI 2003), (Melbourne), CSIRO Minerals, Canberra, 2003, 10. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241351113.
15.
SongRGentzGZhuGet al.A control-oriented model of turbulent jet ignition combustion in a rapid compression machine. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D-J Automob Eng.2017;231:1315–1325. doi:10.1177/0954407016670303.
16.
ElperinTKleeorinNLibermanMet al.Turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting gaseous admixtures. Phys Rev E. 2014;90:053001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.90.053001.
CoelhoPJ.Turbulence–radiation interaction: from theory to application in numerical simulations. J Heat Transf.-Trans ASME. 2012;134:13. doi:10.1115/1.4005130.
19.
MandaiSNishidaH.Application of turbulent reacting flow analysis in Gas turbine combustor development. JSME Int J Ser B-Fluids Therm Eng.2004;47:108–114. doi:10.1299/jsmeb.47.108.
20.
BrayK.Laminar flamelets in turbulent combustion modeling. Combust Sci Technol2016;188:1372–1375. doi:10.1080/00102202.2016.1195819.
21.
ZhangQChenLZhaoC.Numerical simulation of combustion and air supply process and optimal design of traditional top combustion hot blast stoves. Steel Res Int2021;92:2000311. doi:10.1002/srin.202000311.
