Through visualization experiments, the macroinstability behaviour in the molten pool of the oxygen coal combustion melting and separation furnace was analysed by a physical simulation. In the experiment, images were acquired using a high-speed camera and an image processing system was used to track the gas-phase change in the local area of the molten pool and regular fluctuation of the molten pool in real time. Among them, bubble as the carrier of jet energy transfer and liquid level fluctuation. A close connection was observed between the local area bubble motion, jet behaviour, and macroinstability characteristics of the liquid level. The effects of different variables on the local stirring of the molten pool and overall macroinstability were compared. The developed ironmaking process parameters were optimized. The optimal immersion depth of the oxygen lance was 15 mm, while the optimal diameter of the oxygen lance was 4 mm.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
HeGDuXQuHet al.Present status and development perspective of non-blast furnace ironmaking technology. Multipurp Util Mineral Resour. 2014;3:2–5.
2.
ZainullinLAEpishinAYArtovDAet al.High-temperature carbothermal reduction of siderite ore in an electric arc. Metallurgist. 2017;60(11–12):1135–1138.
3.
YanYJ.Progress and future of ultra-low carbon dioxide emissions steelmaking project. China Metall. 2017;27(02):6–11.
4.
WangMRong-xiaRet al.Discussion on the latest technology and process route selection for molten reduction ironmaking. Iron Steel. 2020;55(08):145–150.
5.
LinL.Fundamental research on HIsmelt ironmaking process. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing; 2020.
6.
XiaohuaZXuefengSKaiZet al.Development status and prospect of non-blast furnace ironmaking process. Mineral Compr Util. 2020;02:8–15.
7.
ChangqingHUHanXZhihongLIet al.Comparison of CO2 emission between COREX and blast furnace iron-making system. J Environ Sci. 2009;21(supp-S1):S116–S120.
8.
Guo-liJBing-huaiZHai-binYet al.Energy utilization characteristics of COREX 3000 smelting reduction ironmaking process. China Metall. 2007;03:43–47.
9.
Cheng-xiuSWi-jinS.From COREX to FINEX: The case of path-revealing Innovation in POSCO. J Korea Technol Innovation Soc. 2010;13(4):700–711.
10.
GaoJJWanXYQiYHet al.Technology analysis of rotary reduction kiln pre-reduction and oxygen coal combustion smelting ironmaking. J Iron Steel Res. 2018;30(2):91–96.
11.
MazumdarDGuthrieR.Hydrodynamic modeling of some gas injection procedures in ladle metallurgy operations. Metall Materials Trans B. 1985;16(1):83–90.
12.
LekherzakVEUsachevABRomenetsVAet al.Physical modeling of slag-coal suspension in Romelt process (part I). Steel Transl. 2007;37(7):568–571.
13.
HaidaOBrimacombeJK.Physical-model study of the effect of gas kinetic energy in injection refining processes. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 2006;25(1):14–20.
14.
CastillejosAHBrimacombeJK.Physical characteristics of gas jets injected vertically upward into liquid metal. Metall Trans B. 1989;20:596–601.
15.
SenNSauRMazumdarSet al.Physical modelling of liquid feeding for an unequal diameter two roll thin strip caster. Can Metall Q. 1998;37:161–169.
16.
ZhaoKShenY-zKongZet al.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow and splash behavior in an oxygen coal combustion melting and separating furnace. J Iron Steel Res Int. 2021;28(8):965–977.
17.
WinardiSNagaseY.Unstable phenomenon of flow in a mixing reactor with a marine propeller. J Chem Eng Jap. 1991;24:243–249.
18.
BittorfKJKrestaSM.Prediction of cloud height for solid suspensions in stirred tanks. Chem Eng Res Des. 2003;81(5):568–577.
19.
HaamSBrodkeyRSFasanoJB.Local heat transfer in a mixing vessel using heat flux sensors. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1990;31(5):1384–1391.
20.
CuiFHongFLiCet al.Two-phase flow instability in distributed jet array impingement boiling on pin-fin structured surface and its affecting factors. Int J Heat Mass Transfer. 2019;143(Nov.):118495.1–118495.13.
21.
JesperKSvenssonFJRasmusonA.Flow instabilities, energy levels, and structure in stirred tanks. AIChE J. 2006;52:4039–4051.
22.
RoySAcharyaSCloeterMD.Flow structure and the effect of macro-instabilities in a pitched-blade stirred tank. Chem Eng Sci. 2010;65(10):3009–3024.
23.
AlamMIronsGBrooksGet al.Inclined jetting and splashing in electric arc furnace steelmaking. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 2011;51(9):1439–1447.
24.
MazumdarDGuthrieRMazumdarD.Discussion of “mixing time and fluid flow phenomena in liquids of varying kinematic viscosities agitated by bottom gas injection”. Metall Mater Trans B. 1999;30(2):349–351.
25.
RanadeVVPerrardMSauzeNLet al.Trailing vortices of Rushton turbine: PIV measurements and CFD simulations with snapshot approach. Chem Eng Res Des. 2001;79(1):3–12.
26.
BruhaOFortISmolkaPet al.Flow transition phenomena in an axially agitated system. Proceedings of the VIII European Conference on Mixing. Cambridge: American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series;1994.
27.
YueY.Numerical simulation and experimental study of oxygen blowing process in copper bottom-blowing furnace. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing; 2017.
28.
Fan-HanL.Numerical simulation and evaluation method of mixing effect of side-blow enhanced mixing process in Varnukov furnace. Kunming: Kunming University of Technology; 2016.
29.
WangTWangJYongJ.Theoretical prediction of flow regime transition in bubble columns by the population balance model. Chem Eng Sci. 2005;60(22):6199–6209.
30.
WuQKimSIshiiMet al.One-group interfacial area transport in vertical air-water bubbly flow. Office Sci Tech Inf Tech Rep. 1997;41:1103–1112.
31.
SovováH.Breakage and coalescence of drops in a batch stirred vessel—II comparison of model and experiments. Chem Eng Sci. 1981;36(9):1567–1573.
32.
WrightHRamkrishnaD.Factors affecting coalescence frequency of droplets in a stirred liquid-liquid dispersion. AIChE J. 1994;40(5):767–776.
