The detailed process of the heat transfer of the cooling stave in blast furnace (BF) has been systematically analyzed and the simplified mathematical model was constructed based on heat transfer theory. Precise definitions of the cooling capacity, stable working slag thickness and safe working slag thickness were put forward so as to evaluate the cooling capacity of cooling stave systematically. The results show that 95% of heat is carried off by cooling water through convection and the heat taken away through convective heat transfer between furnace shell and atmosphere only account for 5%. The entire heat transfer process can be divided into four modules and the cooling system is divided into three parts. The cooling capacity φ is defined and function curve of temperature of cooling stave hot surface Tb with changes of brick thickness is drawn and the safe working area and stable working area are put forward.
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