WC-reinforced FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy (HEA) composite coatings with different WC morphology of spherical and irregular shape, were prepared by plasma cladding. The effects of WC morphology on carbide evolution, WC dissolution, and the wear resistance of the coatings were investigated. The results indicated that the evolution of the massive and fish-bone M6C carbides were significantly influenced by the WC morphology, due to the different curvature radius of WC particles. The dissolution mechanism of spherical WC was diffusion, which of irregular WC was decarburization and oxidation. Although irregular WC particles were broken due to the WC→W2C transformation, the wear resistance of the coating with irregular WC was relatively stable, only slightly lower than that of spherical WC, because the developed fish-bone carbide in HEA matrix resisted the three-body abrasive wear of broken WC and W2C fragments.
TanDQ, YangXQ, HeQ, Impact-sliding wear properties of PVD CrN and WC/C coatings. Surf Eng. 2019;1–12. doi:10.1080/02670844.2019.1682818.
2.
FarokhianG, SalehnasabB, Zat AjamH, Influence of WC–20Co–1Ni coating by HVOF on lifespan of the down hole drilling motors. Surf Eng. 2017;34(10):771–782. doi: 10.1080/02670844.2017.1278643
3.
TillmannW, HagenL, KokaljD.Embedment of eutectic tungsten carbides in arc sprayed steel coatings. Surf Coat Tech. 2017;331:153–162. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.10.044
4.
SinghJ, ThakurL, AngraS.A study of tribological behaviour and optimization of WC-10Co-4Cr cladding. Surf Eng. 2020;1–10. doi:10.1080/02670844.2020.1745367.
5.
ChangQM, DuanXH.Application of plasma spraying technology in aeroengine. Metal Working. 2008;18:30–32.
6.
SavarimuthuAC, TaberHF, MegatI, Sliding wear behavior of tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings for replacement of chromium electroplate in aircraft applications. J Therm Spray Tech. 2001;10:502–510. doi: 10.1361/105996301770349286
7.
DemetriouMD, GhoniemNM, LavineAS.Kinetic modeling of phase selection during non-equilibrium solidification of a tungsten-carbon system. Acta Mater. 2002;50:1421–1432. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00447-5
8.
RachidiR, ElkihelB, DelaunoisF, Effectiveness of phased array focused ultrasound and active infrared thermography methods as a nondestructive testing of Ni-WC coating adhesion. Nondestruct Test Eva. 2019;34(2):205–220. doi: 10.1080/10589759.2019.1566905
9.
ChicinaşHF, MarincaTF, GötzeP, Influence of aqueous milling duration on the sintered WC-10Co hard metal powders. J Mater Sci. 2018;53:2901–2910. doi: 10.1007/s10853-017-1701-6
10.
LeiZF, LiuXJ, WuY, Enhanced strength and ductility in a high-entropy alloy via ordered oxygen complexes. Nature. 2018;563:546–550. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0685-y
11.
ZhangY, ZuoTT, TangZ, Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys. Prog Mater Sci. 2014;61:1–93. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.10.001
ZhaoGY, MostaghimiJ, BoulosMI.The induction plasma chemical reactor: Part II. Kinetic model. Plasma Chem Plasma P. 1990;10:151–166. doi: 10.1007/BF01460453
14.
SunFL, ChenXY, ZhaoZW.Synthesis of coarse-grained tungsten carbide directly from scheelite/wolframite by carbothermal reduction and crystallization. JOM. 2020;72:340–346. doi: 10.1007/s11837-019-03345-7
15.
OhJH, KimM, LeeYH, Synthesis of tungsten carbide nanomaterials in triple DC thermal plasma jet system. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019;19(10):6277–6284. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2019.17029
16.
WallaceGC, DowneyJP, ChorneyJ, et al. Statistical optimization of tungsten carbide synthesis parameters. In: JiangT. et al., editors. 10th international symposium on high-temperature metallurgical processing. Springer, Cham; 2019. The minerals, metals & materials Series.
17.
ChausAS.Microstructural and properties evaluation of M2 high speed steel after inoculating addition of powder W and WC. Mater Sci Tech. 2014;30:1105–1115. doi: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000558
18.
ZhouYC, WangQY, ZhouJN, Comparison of three surface treatment methods for preparing WC-containing coatings. Surf Eng. 2019;1–6. doi:10.1080/02670844.2019.1630924.
19.
MehtaA, DicksonJ, NewellR, Interdiffusion and reaction between Al and Zr in the temperature range of 425 to 475°C. J Phase Equilib Diffus. 2019;40:482–494. doi: 10.1007/s11669-019-00729-9
20.
WakaiF, AldingerF.Sintering through surface motion by the difference in mean curvature. Acta Mater. 2003;51:4013–4024. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00222-2
21.
GeskellDR, LaughlinDE.Introduction to the thermodynamics of materials. 6th ed. Boca Raton
: Taylor & Francis; 2018.
22.
YavariAR, DesrePJ, BenameurT.Mechanically driven alloying of immiscible elements. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68:2235–2238. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.2235
23.
BinnewiesM, MikeE.Thermochemical data of elements and compounds. 2nd ed. Weinheim
: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2002.
24.
TakeuchiA, InoueA.Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size difference, heat of mixing and period of constituent elements and its application to characterization of the main alloying element. Mater Trans. 2005;46:2817–2829. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.46.2817
25.
SunJL, ZhaoJ, GongF, Development and application of WC-based alloys bonded with alternative binder phase. Crit Rev Solid State. 2019;44(3):211–238. doi: 10.1080/10408436.2018.1483320
26.
LiFZ, TianLH, LiRT, Microstructure and wear resistance properties of Al/Al–Cu–Cr–Fe composites consolidated using spark plasma sintering. Composite Interfaces. 2020;27(5):515–527. doi: 10.1080/09276440.2019.1655317
