A gradient alloy steel prepared by laser melting deposition (LMD) was subjected to two heat treatments (quenching-intercritical quenching denoted as Q-IQ and quenching-intercritical quenching-tempering denoted as Q-IQ-T). Results showed that martensite microstructure was changed to a duplex microstructure of martensite and ferrite after heat treatment, with a small number of Cr23C6 phases appearing. The samples before and after heat treatment exhibited random crystallographic orientation, while the grain was refined and the fraction of Cr23C6 increased after heat treatment. The samples after heat treatment possessed more slip systems and exhibited a decrease in hardness and wear resistance in comparison with LMDed sample. The corrosion resistance decreased in the order of Q-IQ > Q-IQ-T > LMDed samples in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution.
ZhaoXLvYHDongSYThe martensitic strengthening of 12CrNi2 low-alloy steel using a novel scanning strategy during direct laser deposition. Opt Laser Technol. 2020;132:106487.
2.
XuYHZhangCHZhangSScanning velocity influence on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited 12CrNi2 low alloy steel. Vacuum. 2020;177:109387.
3.
ZhouYChenSYChenXThe effect of laser scanning speed on microstructural evolution during direct laser deposition 12CrNi2 alloy steel. Opt Laser Technol. 2020;125:106041.
4.
DongZHZhangWKangHWSurface hardening of laser melting deposited 12CrNi2 alloy steel by enhanced plasma carburizing via hollow cathode discharge. Surf Coat Technol. 2020;397:125976.
5.
ZhangWDongZKangHEffect of various quenching treatments on microstructure and mechanical behavior of a laser additively manufactured 12CrNi2 alloy steel. J Mater Process Technol. 2021;288:116907.
6.
SunYLiXBellT.Structural characteristics of low temperature plasma carburised austenitic stainless steel. Mater Sci Technol. 1999;15(10):1171–1178.
7.
DongMCuiXFWangHDEffect of surface nanocrystallisation on the microstructure and wear resistance of vacuum carburised alloy. Mater Sci Technol. 2018;34(2):220–228.
8.
XiaMJLiuALHouZWMicrostructure growth behavior and its evolution mechanism during laser additive manufacture of in-situ reinforced (TiB plus TiC)/Ti composite. J Alloys Compd. 2017;728:436–444.
9.
ManvatkarVDeADebRoyT.Spatial variation of melt pool geometry, peak temperature and solidification parameters during laser assisted additive manufacturing process. Mater Sci Technol. 2015;31(8):924–930.
10.
WangGYGuSNYangS.Microstructure and properties of tungsten heavy alloys fabricated by laser direct deposition. Mater Sci Technol. 2017;33(4):415–420.
11.
SunZChuehYHLiL.Multiphase mesoscopic simulation of multiple and functionally gradient materials laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes. Addit Manuf. 2020;35:101448.
12.
Gupta NMLSM.Synthesis of Al/SiC based functionally gradient materials using technique of gradient slurry disintegration and deposition: effect of stirring speed. Mater Sci Technol. 2002;18(6):633–641.
13.
GuptaMLimSCTanFI.Synthesis and characterisation of free standing, one-dimensional, Al-SiC based functionally gradient material. Mater Sci Technol. 2001;17(2):195–200.
14.
ZhangJLSongBYangLMicrostructure evolution and mechanical properties of TiB/Ti6Al4V gradient-material lattice structure fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. Composites Part B-Engineering. 2020;202:108417.
15.
Gupta NMLSMLimCY.Synthesis and wear of Al based, free standing functionally gradient materials: effects of different reinforcements. Mater Sci Technol. 2004;20(1):57–67.
16.
WangXZhangCHCuiXNovel gradient alloy steel with quasi-continuous ratios fabricated by SLM: material microstructure and wear mechanism. Mater Charact. 2021;174:111020.
17.
WangXZhangCHZhouFQNovel gradient alloy steel with quasi-continuous ratios fabricated by selective laser melting: microstructure and corrosion behavior. Steel Res Int. 2021;92(11):2100232.
18.
JiangPFZhangCHZhangSMicrostructure evolution, wear behavior, and corrosion performance of alloy steel gradient material fabricated by direct laser deposition. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9(5):11702–11716.
19.
GualtieriTBandyopadhyayA.Additive manufacturing of compositionally gradient metal-ceramic structures: stainless steel to vanadium carbide. Mater Des. 2018;139:419–428.
20.
LiLWangJLinPMicrostructure and mechanical properties of functionally graded TiCp/Ti6Al4V composite fabricated by laser melting deposition. Ceram Int. 2017;43(18):16638–16651.
21.
TangXZhangSCuiXEffect of heat treatment on microstructural evolution and tribological characteristic of a laser melting deposited 12CrNi2V low-alloy steel. Steel Res Int. 2020;91(8):2000058.
22.
SunYAindowMHebertRJ.The effect of recycling on the oxygen distribution in Ti-6Al-4V powder for additive manufacturing. Mater High Temp. 2018;35(1-3):217–224.
23.
GuralABostanBOzdemirAT.Heat treatment in two phase region and its effect on microstructure and mechanical strength after welding of a low carbon steel. Mater Des. 2007;28(3):897–903.
24.
CaoHLuoXZhanG.Effect of intercritical quenching on the microstructure and cryogenic mechanical properties of a 7 Pct Ni steel. Metall Mater Trans A. 2017;48(9):4403–4410.
25.
LiJTanZZhangMEffect of intercritical austenitizing temperature during quenching-intercritical quenching-tempering process on toughness of 25Mn2Si2Cr bainitic steel. Steel Res Int. 2019;90(6):1800573.
26.
SunCLiuSLMisraRDInfluence of intercritical tempering temperature on impact toughness of a quenched and tempered medium-Mn steel: intercritical tempering versus traditional tempering. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct. 2018;711:484–491.
27.
AshrafiHShamanianMEmadiRA novel and simple technique for development of dual phase steels with excellent ductility. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct. 2017;680:197–202.
28.
MukherjeeMChinthaARRajAEffect of short duration tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a continuously annealed dual phase steel. Mater Sci Technol. 2012;28(8):971–979.
29.
LiZXZhangSCuiXEffect of temper on deformation and mechanical behaviors of laser melt-deposited 12CrNi2 low-alloy steel. J Mater Eng Perform. 2020;29(5):3404–3410.
30.
ZhangWDongZHKangHWEnhancement of strength-ductility balance of the laser melting deposited 12CrNi2 alloy steel via multi-step quenching treatment. Acta Metall Sin-Engl Lett. 2021;34(9):1234–1244.
31.
ZhangHZhangCHWangQEffect of Ni content on stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition. Opt Laser Technol. 2018;101:363–371.
32.
PadmavathiCSundarJKJoshiSVEffect of pulsed Nd: YAG laser melting treatment on microstructural and corrosion behaviour of AZ91C Mg alloy. Mater Sci Technol. 2006;22(5):583–589.
33.
LiXZhangCHZhangSDesign, preparation, microstructure and properties of novel wear-resistant stainless steel-base composites using laser melting deposition. Vacuum. 2019;165:139–147.
34.
WangCZhangSZhangCHPhase evolution and wear resistance of in situ synthesized V8C7 particles reinforced Fe-based coating by laser cladding. Opt Laser Technol. 2018;105:58–65.
35.
ZhangHFZhangCHWangZYMicrostructure and corrosion behaviour of WC/NiCrBSi coatings by vacuum cladding. Mater Sci Technol. 2022;38(1):19–29.
36.
ZhangQLWuLJZouHSCorrelation between microstructural characteristics and cavitation resistance of stellite-6 coatings on 17-4 PH stainless steel prepared with supersonic laser deposition and laser cladding. J Alloys Compd. 2021;860:158417.
37.
WangXZhangCHCuiXMicrostructure and mechanical behavior of additive manufactured Cr-Ni-V low alloy steel in different heat treatment. Vacuum. 2020;175:109216.
38.
GilgienPKurzW.Microstructure selection in binary and ternary alloys. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct1994;178:199–201.
39.
CuiXZhangSWangCEffects of stress-relief heat treatment on the microstructure and fatigue property of a laser additive manufactured 12CrNi2 low alloy steel. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct. 2020;791:139738.
40.
LiuXHZhaoCCZhouXCNT-reinforced AlSi10Mg composite by selective laser melting: microstructural and mechanical properties. Mater Sci Technol. 2019;35(9):1038–1045.
41.
ZhouYChenSYChenXTThe evolution of bainite and mechanical properties of direct laser deposition 12CrNi2 alloy steel at different laser power. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct. 2019;742:150–161.
42.
SuryawanshiJPrashanthKGScudinoSSimultaneous enhancements of strength and toughness in an Al-12Si alloy synthesized using selective laser melting. Acta Mater. 2016;115:285–294.
43.
Mohtadi-BonabMAEskandariMSzpunarJA.Texture, local misorientation, grain boundary and recrystallization fraction in pipeline steels related to hydrogen induced cracking. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct. 2015;620:97–106.
44.
YangJHuangJFanDMicrostructure and wear properties of Fe-6wt-%Cr-0.55wt-%C-Xwt-%Nb laser cladding coating and the mechanism analysis. Mater Des. 2015;88:1031–1041.
45.
TrevisiolCJouraniABouvierS.Effect of martensite volume fraction and abrasive particles size on friction and wear behaviour of a low alloy steel. Tribol Int. 2017;113:411–425.
46.
HanYRChZCuiXMicrostructure and properties of a novel wear- and corrosion-resistant stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition. J Mater Res. 2020;35(15):2006–2015.
47.
FuYWuXHanEHEffects of cold work and sensitization treatment on the corrosion resistance of high nitrogen stainless steel in chloride solutions. Electrochim Acta. 2009;54(5):1618–1629.
48.
AldahashSAAbdelaalOAbdelrhmanY.Slurry erosion-corrosion characteristics of As-built Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by selective laser melting. Materials. 2020;13(18):13183967.
49.
DaiNZhangLCZhangJDistinction in corrosion resistance of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy on different planes. Corros Sci. 2016;111:703–710.
50.
WuHZhangSWangZYNew studies on wear and corrosion behavior of laser cladding FeNiCoCrMox high entropy alloy coating: The role of Mo. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater. 2022;102:105721.
51.
ZhaoTZhangSZhouFQMicrostructure evolution and properties of in-situ TiC reinforced titanium matrix composites coating by plasma transferred arc welding (PTAW). Surf Coat Technol. 2021;424:127637.
52.
SongXLLeiJBXieJCMicrostructure and electrochemical corrosion properties of nickel-plated carbon nanotubes composite Inconel718 alloy coatings by laser melting deposition. Opt Laser Technol. 2019;119:105593.
53.
DuDDongAShuDInfluence of build orientation on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behavior of Inconel 718 processed by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct. 2019;760:469–480.
54.
LiuLLiYWangFH.Influence of micro-structure on corrosion behavior of a Ni-based superalloy in 3.5% NaCl. Electrochim Acta. 2007;52(25):7193–7202.
ChoiKJYooSCKimSMicrostructural evolution and corrosion behaviour of thermally aged dissimilar metal welds of low-alloy steel and nickel-based alloy. Corros Sci. 2019;153:138–149.
