In this study, as-cast low alloy wear-resistant steels with Ti contents of 0.6 and 3.0 wt-% were prepared at different solidification cooling rates, and the effects of TiC formation on their microstructures, hardness values, and wear resistances were investigated. The obtained phase diagrams and experimental data revealed that the TiC phase was formed via a divorced eutectic reaction in a residual liquid phase during solidification. The larger Ti content promoted the formation of TiC particles, while the solidification cooling rate represented the main influencing factor. Moreover, the produced TiC phase increased the wear resistance of the studied steel and decreased the matrix hardness, suggesting a new method for enhancing its mechanical properties through the formation of a hard ceramic phase.
EgawaK.Effects of the hardness of hardened steel on frictional wear (3rd report) – cubic model form of region of different forms of wear. J JSLE Int Edn. 1982; 3:27–30.
3.
UedaMMatsudaK.Effects of carbon content and hardness on rolling contact fatigue resistance in heavily loaded pearlitic rail steels. Wear. 2020; 444-445:203120. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2019.203120
4.
LiCDengXHuangLEffect of temperature on microstructure, properties and sliding wear behavior of low alloy wear-resistant martensitic steel. Wear. 2020; 442-443:203125. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2019.203125
5.
GeSWangQWangJ.The impact wear-resistance enhancement mechanism of medium manganese steel and its applications in mining machines. Wear. 2017; 376-377:1097–1104. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.015
6.
ColaçoRVilarR.A model for the abrasive wear of metallic matrix particle-reinforced materials. Wear. 2003; 254:625–634. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00185-6
7.
KishoreKA.On the wear of aluminium-corundum composites. Wear. 1983; 85:163–169. doi: 10.1016/0043-1648(83)90060-1
8.
LiouJWChenLHLuiTS.The concept of effective hardness in the abrasion of coarse two-phase materials with hard second-phase particles. J Mater Sci. 1995; 30:258–262. doi: 10.1007/BF00352159
9.
VenkataramanBSundararajanG.The sliding wear behaviour of Al-SiC particulate composites – I. Macrobehaviour. Acta Mater. 1996; 44(2):451–460. doi: 10.1016/1359-6454(95)00217-0
10.
AlmanDEHawkJAPetrovicJJHennagerCHJrSinghM.In: Hawk JA, editor. Proceedings of wear of engineering materials. ASM International; 1997. pp. 51–61.
11.
WangMLCuiHZWeiNA New design of in situ Ti(C,N) reinforced composite coatings and their microstructures, interfaces, and wear resistances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018; 10:4250–4265. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b17286
12.
ZhaoSMShenXFYangJLDensification behavior and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline TiC reinforced 316L stainless steel composite parts fabricated by selective laser melting. Opt Laser Technol. 2018; 103:239–250. doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.01.005
13.
AlMangourBGrzesiakDYangJM.Nanocrystalline TiC-reinforced H13 steel matrix nanocomposites fabricated by selective laser melting. Mater Des. 2016; 96:150–161. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.022
CuiCShenYMengFReview on fabrication method of in-situ metal matrix composites. J Mater Sci Technol. 2000; 16(6):619–626.
17.
DanielBSSMurthyVSRMurtyGS.Metal-ceramic composites via in-situ methods. J Mater Process Technol. 1997; 68:132–155. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(96)00020-9
18.
YangCLZhangBZhaoDCIn-situ synthesis of AlN/Mg-Al composites with high strength and high plasticity. J Alloy Compd. 2017; 699:627–632. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.005
19.
ZhuHDongKWangHReaction mechanisms of the TiC/Fe composite fabricated by exothermic dispersion from Fe-Ti-C element system. Powder Technol. 2013; 246:456–461. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.002
20.
RajabiAGhazaliMJSyarifJDevelopment and application of tool wear: a review of the characterization of TiC-based cermets with different binders. Chem Eng J. 2014; 255:445–452. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.06.078
21.
HuangLDengXJiaYEffects of using (Ti,Mo)C particles to reduce the three-body abrasive wear of a low alloy steel. Wear. 2018; 410-411:119–126. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2018.06.008
22.
DoğanÖNHawkJASchremsKK.TiC-reinforced cast Cr steels. J Mater Eng Perform. 2006; 15:320–327. doi: 10.1361/105994906X108585
23.
DalaiRPDasSDasK.Development of TiC reinforced austenitic manganese steel. Can. Metall. Q. 2014; 53:317–325. doi: 10.1179/1879139514Y.0000000140
24.
KattamisTZSuganumaT.Solidification processing and tribological behavior of particulate TiC-ferrous matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 1990; 128:241–252. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(90)90232-R
AkhtarF.Microstructure evolution and wear properties of in situ synthesized TiB2 and TiC reinforced steel matrix composites. J Alloy Compd. 2008; 459:491–497. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.05.018
27.
WangJWangYSDingYC.Production of(Ti, V)C reinforced Fe matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2007; 454-455:547–551. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.013
28.
WangJWangYSDingYC.Reaction synthesis of Fe-(Ti,V)C composites. J Mater Process Technol. 2008; 197:54–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.06.016
29.
Hari KumarKCWollaiitsPDelaeyL.Thermodynamic reassessment and calculation of Fe-Ti phase diagram. Calphad. 1994; 18:223–234. doi: 10.1016/0364-5916(94)90028-0
30.
GuSTChaiGZWuHPCharacterization of local mechanical properties of laser-cladding H13-TiC composite coatings using nanoindentation and finite element analysis. Mater Des. 2012; 39:72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.028
