A series of metal-carbide (Ta–TaC, Nb–NbC and W–WC) with core–shell structure for iron-matrix composites are fabricated by in situ solid-phase diffusion. Results show that the formation of metal-carbide with a rod-shaped core–shell structure, in which the metal-rod surface was covered with a carbide shell layer, in the iron- matrix after in situ solid-phase diffusion. The TaC, NbC, and WC shell layers are in situ synthesised by the diffusion of carbon atoms from the iron-matrix onto the surface of the Ta, Nb, and W rods, respectively. Metallurgical integration occurs between metal-carbide and iron-matrix. The metal-carbide-reinforced iron-matrix composites show excellent impact resistance, and the shell-layer hardness is extremely high.
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