Three kinds of pearlitic steels containing different interlamellar spacing and mechanical properties were obtained by different heat treatments. The wear behaviours of the steels and evolution of microstructures under different wear conditions were analysed by block-on-ring wear tests. The results showed that shortening air-cooling time and accelerating cooling rate after rolling dramatically refined the pearlite interlamellar spacing and then enhanced the hardness and strength of the pearlitic steels. The pearlitic steel with a high strength of 1537 MPa was obtained and exhibited the best wear resistance than others. The deformed and fractured cementite in the subsurface layer partially spheroidised induced by deformation and frictional heating. A special layer containing spherical carbide formed and reduced the wear rate of the steel.
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