Low-cycle fatigue tests on [001], [011] and Ni-based single crystal superalloys were conducted at 900°C under a constant plastic strain control. Cracks will more readily propagate between the {111} planes than migrate between the {111} and {001} planes, as shown by the longer crack propagation period and fatigue life for each [001] specimen (all crystal orientations). The oxidation could proceed via two different diffusion paths: short-range diffusion and long-range diffusion. Fatigue cracks prefer to nucleate at one oxide and then propagate along the oxidised slip bands until they link to the next oxide, which could be predicted from fatigue crack growth data, including the fractographic slip band density and oxide depth.
ReedRC.The superalloys: fundamentals and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006.
3.
lapinJ, PelachovaT, BajanaO.The effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of single crystal CMSX-4 superalloy, Metal 2013, Tanger, Brno, 2013, pp. 1277–1282.
4.
EzzSS, PopeDP.The asymmetry of cyclic hardening in Ni3(Al,Nb) single crystals. Scripta Metall. 1985;19:741–745. doi: 10.1016/0036-9748(85)90037-7
5.
PaidarV, PopeDP, VitekV.A theory of the anomalous yield behavior in L12 ordered alloys. Acta Metall. 1984;32:435–448. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(84)90117-2
6.
ThorntonPH.Cross slip in phases having the L12 structure. Metall Trans. 1972;3:291–300. doi: 10.1007/BF02680608
7.
TakeuchiS, KuramotoE.Temperature and orientation dependence of the yield stress in Ni{in3}Ga single crystals. Acta Metall. 1973;21:415–425. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(73)90198-3
8.
LiangSJ, PopeDP.The yield stress of Ll2 ordered alloys. Acta Metall. 1977;25:485–493. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(77)90188-2
9.
UmakoshiPD, PopeDP, VitekV.The asymmetry of the flow stress in Ni3(Al,Ta) single crystals. Acta Metall. 1984;32:449–456. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(84)90118-4
10.
HerediaFE, PopeDP.The tension/compression flow asymmetry in a high γ’ volume fraction nickel base alloy. Acta Metall. 1986;34:279–285. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(86)90198-7
11.
LiP, ZhangZF, LiXW, Effect of orientation on the cyclic deformation behavior of silver single crystals: comparison with the behavior of copper and nickel single crystals. Acta Mater. 2009;57:4845–4854. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.048
12.
LiP, ZhangZF, LiSX, Effect of orientations on cyclic deformation behavior of Ag and Cu single crystals: cyclic stress–strain curve and slip morphology. Acta Mater. 2008;56:2212–2222. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.01.006
13.
LiP, ZhangZF, LiSX, Formation mechanisms of cyclic saturation dislocation patterns in [001], [011] and [1¯11] copper single crystals. Acta Mater. 2010;58:3281–3294. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.02.002
14.
LiP, LiSX, WangZG, Unified factor controlling the dislocation evolution of fatigued face-centered cubic crystals. Acta Mater. 2017;129:98–111. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.057
15.
LiP, LiSX, WangZG, Fundamental factors on formation mechanism of dislocation arrangements in cyclically deformed fcc single crystals. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2011;56:328–377. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.12.001
16.
LiP, LiQQ, JinT, Effect of Re on low-cycle fatigue behaviors of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys at 900°C. Mater Sci Eng. 2014;603:84–92. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.02.073
17.
LiP, LiQQ, JinT, Comparison of low-cycle fatigue behaviors between two nickel-based single-crystal superalloys. Inter J Fatigue. 2014;63:137–144. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.01.018
18.
LiP, ZhouBM, ZhouYZ, Inter J Fatigue. 2014;94:2426.
19.
GabbTP, GaydaJ, MinerRV.Orientation and temperature dependence of some mechanical properties of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy René N4: Part II. Low cycle fatigue behavior. Metall Trans A. 1986;17:497–505. doi: 10.1007/BF02643956
20.
GabbTP, WelschG.The high temperature deformation in cyclic loading of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy. Acta Metall. 1989;37:2507–2516. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(89)90049-7
21.
ArakereNK, SwansonG.Effect of crystal orientation on fatigue failure of single crystal nickel Base turbine Blade superalloys. J Eng Gas Turbines Power. 2000;124:161. doi: 10.1115/1.1413767
22.
MughrabiH.The cyclic hardening and saturation behaviour of copper single crystals. Mater Sci Eng. 1978;33:207–223. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(78)90174-X
23.
GrosskreutzJC.The mechanisms of metal fatigue (I). Phys Status Solidi. 1971;47:11. doi: 10.1002/pssb.2220470102
24.
LiuL, MengJ, LiuJL, Effects of crystal orientations on the cyclic deformation behavior in the low cycle fatigue of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy. Mater Design. 2017;131:441–449. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.06.047
25.
ZhangH, LiH, ZengX, Fatigue behavior and bilinear Coffin-Manson plots of Ni-based GH4169 alloy with different volume fractions of δ phase. Mater Sci Eng A. 2017;682:12–22. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.11.040
JiangR, EverittS, GaoN, Influence of oxidation on fatigue crack initiation and propagation in turbine disc alloy N18. Inter J Fatigue. 2015;75:89–99. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.02.007
28.
CruchleyS, LiHY, EvansHE, The role of oxidation damage in fatigue crack initiation of an advanced Ni-based superalloy. Inter J Fatigue. 2015;81:265–274. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.08.016
ZhangL, ZhaoLG, RoyA, In-situ SEM study of slip-controlled short-crack growth in single-crystal nickel superalloy. Mater Sci Eng A. 2019;742:564–572. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.040
31.
PalmertF, MoverareJ, GustafssonD, Fatigue crack growth behaviour of an alternative single crystal nickel base superalloy. Inter J Fatigue. 2018;109:166–181. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.12.003
32.
ChieragattiR, RemyL.Influence of orientation on the low cycle fatigue of MAR-M 200 single crystals at 650°C I: fatigue life behaviour. Mater Sci Eng A. 1991;141:1–9. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(91)90702-O
33.
KunzL, LukasP, KonecnaR.Initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in cast IN713LC superalloy. Engin Fract Mech. 2010;77:2008–2015. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.02.002
34.
HeZ, QiuW, FanYN, Effects of secondary orientation on fatigue crack initiation in a single crystal superalloy. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018;41:935–948. doi: 10.1111/ffe.12739
35.
CathcartJV, PetersenGF, SparksCJ.The structure of thin oxide films formed on nickel crystals. J Electrochen Soc. 1969;116:664. doi: 10.1149/1.2412003
JiangR, GaoN, ReedPAS.Influence of orientation-dependent grain boundary oxidation on fatigue cracking behaviour in an advanced Ni-based superalloy. J Mater Sci. 2015;50:4379–4386. doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-8992-2
38.
ChenJH, RogersPM, LittleJA.Oxidation behavior of several chromia-forming commercial nickel-base superalloys. Oxid Met. 1997;47:381–410. doi: 10.1007/BF02134783
39.
GhonemH, NicholasT, PineauA.Elevated temperature fatigue crack growth in alloy 718. Part II: effects of environmental and material variables. Fatigue Fract Engng Mater Struct. 1993;16:577–590. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00103.x
40.
MolinsR, HochstetterG, ChassaigneJC, Oxidation effects on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of alloy 718 at high temperature. Acta Mater. 1997;45:663–674. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00192-9
41.
NeumannP.Coarse slip model of fatigue. Acta Metall. 1969;17:1219–1225. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(69)90099-6
42.
AbuzaidWZ, SangidMD, CarrollJD, Slip transfer and plastic strain accumulation across grain boundaries in Hastelloy X. J Mech Phys Solids. 2012;60:1201–1220. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2012.02.001
Ni-based single crystal superalloys were conducted at 900°C under a constant plastic strain control. Cracks will more readily propagate between the {111} planes than migrate between the {111} and {001} planes, as shown by the longer crack propagation period and fatigue life for each [001] specimen (all crystal orientations). The oxidation could proceed via two different diffusion paths: short-range diffusion and long-range diffusion. Fatigue cracks prefer to nucleate at one oxide and then propagate along the oxidised slip bands until they link to the next oxide, which could be predicted from fatigue crack growth data, including the fractographic slip band density and oxide depth.