The process of martensitic α′(α″) phase decomposition in titanium alloys has not been sufficiently characterised in the literature – especially in terms of plastically deformed martensite. The research results of water-quenched Ti–6Al–4V alloy, subsequently cold deformed in compression test and tempered at the temperature range of 600–900°C for 1 and 2 h were presented in the paper. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed the influence of plastic deformation on tempered martensite laths morphology – particularly at the temperature of 900°C – it favoured their fragmentation and spheroidisation. The effect of plastic deformation on characteristic temperatures of α′(α″)→α + β phase transformation, phase composition and alloying elements distribution in phase constituents of Ti–6Al–4V alloy was identified and evaluated too.
This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.
BylicaA, SieniawskiJ.Tytan i jego stopy [Titanium and its alloys]. Warsaw: PWN; 1985.
2.
LutjeringG, WilliamsJC.Titanium. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2003.
3.
KimSK, ParkJK.In-situ measurement of continuous cooling β→α transformation behavior of CP Ti. Metall Mater Trans A. 2002;33:1051–1056. doi: 10.1007/s11661-002-0206-2
4.
MotykaM.Proces cieplno-plastyczny ksztaltowania morfologii skladnikow fazowych mikrostruktury oraz plastycznosci dwufazowych stopow tytanu [Thermomechanical processing for development of phase constituents morphology and plasticity of two-phase titanium alloys]. Rzeszow: RUT Press; 2015.
5.
MotykaM, KubiakK, SieniawskiJ, Phase transformation and characterization of α+β titanium alloys. In: HashmiS, editor. Comprehensive materials processing – volume 2: materials modeling and characterization. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014. p. 7–36.
6.
MantaniY, TajimaM.Phase transformation of quenched α″ martensite by aging in Ti-Nb alloys. Mater Sci Eng. 2006;438–440:315–319. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.180
7.
SatoK, MatsumotoH, KodairaK, Phase transformation and age-hardening of hexagonal α′ martensite in Ti-12 mass% V-2 mass% Al alloys studied by transmission electron microscopy. J Alloy Comp.2010;506:607–614. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.07.127
8.
ZengL, BielerTR.Effects of working, heat treatment, and aging on microstructural evolution and crystallographic texture of α, α′, α″ and α phases in Ti-6Al-4V wire. Mater Sci Eng. 2005;392:403–414. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.072
9.
Gil MurFX, RodríguezD, PlanellJA.Influence of tempering temperature and time on the α′-Ti-6Al-4V martensite. J Alloy Comp. 1996;234:287–289. doi: 10.1016/0925-8388(95)02057-8
10.
QaziJI, SenkovON, RahimJ, Kinetics of martensite decomposition in Ti-6Al-4V-xH alloys. Mater Sci Eng.2003;359:137–149. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00350-2
11.
KubiakK, SieniawskiJ.Podstawy obrobki cieplnej dwufazowych stopow tytanu [Fundamentals of heat treatment of two-phase titanium alloys]. Z Nauk Mechanika / Pol Opolska. 1999;z.58:83–91.
12.
SieniawskiJ, FilipR, KubiakK.Influence of ageing time and temperature on mechanical properties of two-phase titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr at high temperature. Inzynieria Materialowa.1998;19(3):536–539.
13.
DabrowskiR.Effect of cooling rate from the single phase (β) range on the microstructure, hardness and impact toughness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Rudy i Metale Niezelazne. 2012;R57(12):846–850.
14.
DabrowskiR.The kinetics of phase transformations during continuous cooling of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy from the single-phase β range. Arch Metall Mater.2011;56(3):226. doi: 10.2478/v10172-011-0077-x
15.
SieniawskiJ, ZiajaW, KubiakK, Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength two-phase titanium alloys. In: SieniawskiJ, ZiajaW, editors. Titanium alloys - advances in properties control. Rijeka: Intech; 2013. p. 69–80.
16.
Barriobero-VilaP, OliveiraVB, SchwarzS, Tracking the αʺ martensite decomposition during continuous heating of a Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn alloy. Acta Mater2017;135:132–143. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.06.018
17.
KobayashiS, NakagawaS, NakaiK, Phase decomposition in a Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy during aging at 600°C. Mater Trans JIM.2002;43(12):2956–2963. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.43.2956
18.
IvasishinOM, FlowerHM, LutjeringG.Mechanisms of martensite formation and tempering in titanium alloys and their relationship to mechanical properties development. In: Gorynin IV, Ushkov SS, editors. Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Titanium; 1999 Jun 7–11; Saint-Petersburg, CRISM “Prometey”; 2000. p. 77–84.
19.
CaoS, ChuR, ZhouX, Role of martensite decomposition in tensile properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V. J Alloys Compd.2018;744:357–363. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.111
20.
LiX, ShaM, ChuJ.Compressive deformability of hardened titanium alloy VT16. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 2009;51(11–12):594–598. doi: 10.1007/s11041-010-9217-6
21.
IllarionovAG, DemakovSL, StepanovSI, Structural and phase transformations in a quenched two-phase titanium alloy upon cold deformation and subsequent annealing. Phys Metals Metallography.2015;116(3):267–273. doi: 10.1134/S0031918X15030060
22.
GuJL, SunXJ, BaiBZ, Microstructural evolution during fabrication of ultrafine grained alpha+beta titanium alloy. Mater Sci Tech.2001;17(12):1516–1524. doi: 10.1179/026708301101509764
23.
ChaoQ, HodgsonPD, BeladiH.Microstructure evolution of martensitic Ti-6Al-4V alloy during warm deformation. Mater Sci Forum. 2014;783–786:679–684.
24.
AniolA.Wplyw odkształcania plastycznego na rozpad fazy martenzytycznej α′(α″) w stopie tytanu Ti-6Al-4V [The influence of plastic deformation on martensitic phase α′(α″) decomposition in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy] [master's thesis]. Rzeszow: Rzeszow University of Technology; 2016.
25.
MotykaM, SieniawskiJ, ZiajaW, Microstructural characterization of quenched and plastically deformed two-phase α+β titanium alloys. Arch Metall Mater. 2015;60(3):1935. doi: 10.1515/amm-2015-0345
26.
MotykaM, SieniawskiJ, ZiajaW, Dynamic fragmentation and spheroidization of α phase grains during hot deformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Int J Mater Res. 2018; Forthcoming.
