The hot ductility of B-Ti-Nb-high Al (1.5%Al) containing TWIP steels having Ti/N ratios mainly in excess of 3.4/1 was obtained. After soaking at 1250°C, the tensile specimens were cooled at 12 or 60°C min−1 to the test temperature and then strained to failure at 3 × 10−3 s−1. Ductility was always good (reduction of area >40%), independent of Ti/N ratio or cooling rate. The good ductility is due to B segregation strengthening the grain boundaries and the low S level (0.005%S) limiting the volume fraction of MnS inclusions and restricting AlN precipitation to the matrix. Increasing the cooling rate, higher N levels and Nb resulted in a small improvement in ductility. An addition of V to the Nb-containing steels caused a slight deterioration in the hot ductility.
De CoomanBC, ChinK, KimJ.High Mn TWIP steels for automotive applications. In: ChiabergeM, editor. New trends and developments in automotive system engineering. Rijeka: InTech; 2011. p. 101–128.
2.
KimSK, ChoJW, KwakWJ, Development of TWIP steel for automotive applications. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on New Developments in Metallurgical Process Technologies; 2007 June; Dusseldorf, Germany: TEMA Marketing AG, Steel Institute VDEH; p. 690–697.
3.
KangSE, TulingA, BanerjeeJR, Hot ductility of TWIP steels. Mater Sci Technol. 2011;27:95–100. doi: 10.1179/026708309X12506933873387
4.
KangSE, TulingA, LauI, The hot ductility of Nb-V containing high Al, TWIP steels. Mater Sci Technol. 2011;27:909–915. doi: 10.1179/026708309X12595712305915
5.
KangSE, BanerjeeJR, MintzB. Influence of S and AlN on hot ductility of high Al, TWIP steels. Mater Sci Technol. 2012;28:589–596. doi: 10.1179/1743284711Y.0000000109
6.
KangSE, BanerjeeJR, TulingAS, The influence of B on the hot ductility of high Al, and high Al-Nb, TWIP steels. Mater Sci Technol. 2014;30:486–494. doi: 10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000399
7.
KangSE, BanerjeeJR, TulingA, Influence of P and N on hot ductility of high Al, boron containing TWIP steels. Mater Sci Technol. 2014;30:1328–1335. doi: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000576
8.
KangSE, BanerjeeJR, MainaEM, Influence of B and Ti on hot ductility of high Al, Nb containing TWIP steels. Mater Sci Technol. 2013;29:1223–1232.
9.
MintzB, YueS, JonasJJ. Hot Ductility of steels and its relationship to the problem of transverse cracking during continuous casting. Int Mater Rev. 1991;36(5):187. doi: 10.1179/imr.1991.36.1.187
10.
AbushoshaR, VipondR, MintzB. Influence of Ti on hot ductility of as-cast steels. Mater Sci Technol. 1991;7:613–621. doi: 10.1179/mst.1991.7.7.613
11.
MintzB. The influence of composition on the hot ductility of steels and to the problem of transverse cracking. ISIJ Int. 1999;39:833–855. Review. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.39.833
12.
Precipitation behaviour of complex B compounds in steel. Tokyo, Japan: Nippon Steel; 1983. (Nippon Steel technical report no. 21). p. 331–337.
13.
MintzB, CrowtherDN. Hot ductility of steels and its relationship to the problem of transverse cracking in continuous casting. Inter Mater Rev. 2010;55:168–196. doi: 10.1179/095066009X12572530170624
14.
BanksKM, TulingA, MintzB. Influence of thermal history on hot ductility of steel and its relationship to problem of cracking in continuous casting. Mater Sci Technol. 2012;28:536–542. doi: 10.1179/1743284711Y.0000000094
15.
OuchiC, MatsumotoK. Hot ductility in Nb-bearing high-strength low-alloy steels. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 1982;22:181–189. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational1966.22.181
16.
MintzB, ArrowsmithJM. Hot ductility behaviour of C-Mn-Nb-Al steels and its relationship to crack propagation during the straightening of continuously cast strand. Metals Technol. 1979;6:24–32. doi: 10.1179/030716979803276471
17.
MintzB, AbushoshaR. The hot ductility of V, Nb-V and Nb containing steels. Mater Sci Forum. 1998;284–286:461–468. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.284-286.461
18.
BanksK, KoursarisA, VerdoonFF, Precipitation and hot ductility of low C-V and low C-V-Nb microalloyed steels during thin slab casting. Mater Sci Technol. 2001;17:1596–1604. doi: 10.1179/026708301101509665
19.
WilsonFG, GladmanT. Aluminium nitride in steel. Int Mater Rev. 1988;33:221–286. doi: 10.1179/imr.1988.33.1.221
20.
TurkdoganET. Causes and effects of nitride and carbonitride precipitation in HSLA steels in relation to continuous casting. Proc AIME Steelmak Conf. 1987;70:399–415.
21.
SubramanianSV, ShimaS, OcampoG, HSLA steels 85, Chinese Society of Metals, Materials Park, Ohio; 1985. p. 151.
22.
KirkwoodPI. Proc. Int. Symp. on Welding Metallurgy of Structural Steels. Warrendale, PA: AIME; 1987. p. 21–44.
23.
Thermfact and GTT-technologies, Thermomechamical software and database package [cited 1 Apr 2017]. Available from: www.factsage.com.
24.
MesquitaRA, TottenGE. Failure analysis of heat treated steel components; 2008; p. 43–87.
25.
WangY, YangJ, WangR, Effects of non-metallic inclusions on hot ductility of high Mn TWIP steels containing different Al contents. Metall Mater Trans B. 2016;47:1697. doi: 10.1007/s11663-016-0626-9
26.
MintzB, ShakerM, CrowtherDN. Hot ductility of an austenitic and a ferritic stainless steel. Mater Sci Technol. 1997;13:243–250. doi: 10.1179/mst.1997.13.3.243
27.
ComineliO, AbushoshaR, MintzB. Influence of Ti and N on hot ductility of C-Mn-Nb-Al steels. Mater Sci and Technol. 1999;15:1058–1068. doi: 10.1179/026708399101506788
28.
WadaH, PehlkeRD. Nitrogen solubility and nitride formation in austenitic Fe-Ti alloys. Metall Mater Trans B. 1985;16:815–822. doi: 10.1007/BF02667518
29.
LeslieWC, RickettRL, DotsonCL, Solution and precipitation of aluminium nitride in relation to the structure of low carbon steels. Trans ASM. 1954;46:1470.
30.
TurkdoganE, IgnatowiczS, PearsonJ. The solubility of sulphur in iron and iron-manganese alloys. J Iron Steel Inst. 1955;180:349.
31.
OsinkoluGA, TacikowskiM, KobylanskiA. Combined effect of AIN and sulphur on hot ductility of high purity iron-base alloys. Mater Sci Technol. 1985;1:520–525. doi: 10.1179/mst.1985.1.7.520
32.
OsinkoluGA, KobylanskiA. Hot tensile deformation of ultra high purity iron base alloys containing Ai, N, S on cooling to test temperatures. Scr Metall Mater. 1997;36(10):1139–1143. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00484-8
33.
LankfordWT. Some considerations of strength and ductility in the continuous-casting process. Metall Trans. 1972;3:1331. doi: 10.1007/BF02643017
