With decreasing grain size, the strength of steel increases due to the well-known Hall–Petch type effects, which is generally neglected in the classical crystal plasticity-based models. In the present work, the classical crystal plasticity-based model has been modified to incorporate the grain size effect. Validation of the present model was carried out with the published experimental results of a dual phase steel and, it was found to be possible to predict the grain size effects quite accurately using the model. The proposed model was used to carry out a parametric study for effects of grain size and was further used to predict the influence of grain size on cross effects during orthogonal loading.
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