En el presente experimento se analizaron los potenciales evocados (PEs) de 32 sujetos en respuesta a diapositivas en color de cuatro expresiones faciales presentadas 32 veces cada una: alegría, tristeza, ira y neutra. La estructura de los PEs, registrados en Fz, Cz y Pz, se analizó vía análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Los ANOVAs indicaron que las amplitudes de N150 y P200 mostraron un doble emparejamiento alegría-ira y tristeza-neutra. Estos componentes han sido relacionados en anteriores estudios con el análisis físico de los estímulos. La visibilidad o no de los dientes en las expresiones puede explicar tales emparejamientos. Los resultados de componentes posteriores (N250 y P300) mostraron diferencias significativas entre las expresiones neutra y de alegría. Estos datos pueden ser interpretados tanto en términos de procesamiento afectivo como cognitivo. En todos los casos, Fz y Cz fueron las localizaciones donde las amplitudes de los componentes estudiados fueron mayores.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaylisG. C.RollsE. T.LeonardC. M. (1985). Selectivity between faces in the responses of populations of neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey.Brain Research, 342, 91–102.
2.
BegleiterH.PorjeszB.ChouC. L.AunonJ. I. (1983). P3 and stimulus incentive value.Psychophysiology, 22, 182–194.
3.
CarretiéL.IglesiasJ. (1989). A BASIC program to apply in event-related potentials research (Abstract).Psychophysiology, 26, S18.
4.
CarretiéL.IglesiasJ. (1991). ERPs in response to facial expressions of emotions (Abstract).Psychophysiology, 28, S16.
5.
CarretiéL.IglesiasJ. (1992). Metodología de análisis de los potenciales evocados.Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 45, 365–373.
6.
CarretiéL.IglesiasJ.(en prensa). Cardiac reactions evoked by facial expressions of emotion.Journal of Psychophysiology.
7.
ColesM.GrattonG.FabianiM. (1990). Event-related brain potentials. En J. T. Cacioppo y L. G. Tassinary (Comps.): Principles of psychophysiology: Physical, social and inferential elements. 413–455. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8.
DarwinC. (1979). The expression of emotions in man and animals.Londres: Friedman (Publicado originalmente en 1872).
9.
DesimoneR.AlbrightT. D.GrossC. G.BruceC. (1984). Stimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neurons in the macaque.Journal of Neurophysiology, 4, 2.051–2.062.
10.
DimbergU. (1982). Facial reactions to facial expressions.Psychophysiology, 19, 643–647.
11.
DonchinE.HeffleyE. F. (1978). Multivariate analysis of event-related potential data: A tutorial review. EnOttoD. (comp.): Multidisciplinary perspectives in event-related brain potential research, 555–572. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
12.
Eibl-EibesfeldtI. (1989). Human ethology.Nueva York: Aldine de Gruyter.
13.
EkmanP. (1977). Biological and cultural contributions to body and facial movement. EnBlackingI. (comp.): The anthropology of the body.Londres: Academic Press.
14.
EkmanP.FriesenW. V. (1975). Unmasking the face.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
GrossC. G.Rocha-MirandaC. E.BenderD. B. (1972). Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the macaque.Journal of Neurophysiology, 35, 96–111.
17.
IzardC. E. (1977). Human emotions.Nueva York: Appleton.
18.
JeffreysD. A.MusselwhiteM. J. (1987). A face responsive visual evoked potential in man (Abstract).Journal of Physiology, 390, 26p.
19.
JohnsonR.Jr. (1988). The amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related potential: Review and synthesis. EnAcklesP. K.JenningsR. R.ColesM.G.H.Advances in psychophysiology. Vol.3, 69–137. Londres: JAI Press.
20.
JohnstonV. S.BurlesonM.MillerD. R. (1987). Emotional value and late positive components of ERPs. EnJohnsonR.Jr.RohrbaughJ. W.ParasuramanR.Current trends in event-related potentials research (EEG Suppl. 40), 198–203. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
21.
JohnstonV. S.MillerD. R.BurlesonM. H. (1986). Multiple P3s to emotional stimuli and their theoretical significance.Psychophysiology, 23, 684–694.
LangS. F.NelsonC. A.CollinsP. F. (1990). Event-related potentials to emotional and neutral stimuli.Journal of clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 946–958.
24.
LaurianS.BaderM.LanaresJ.OrosL. (1991). Topography of event-related potentials elicited by visual emotional stimuli.International Journal of Psychophysiology, 10, 231–238.
25.
LovelessN. (1983). The orienting response and evoked potentials in man. EnSiddleD. (comp.): Orienting response and habituation: Perspectives in human research, 71–108. Chichester: Wiley.
26.
Nä ätanenR.GaillardA.W.K. (1983). The orienting reflex and the N2 deflection of the event-related potential (ERP). EnGaillardA.W.K.RitterW.Tutorials in ERP research: Endogenous components, 119–141. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
27.
ÖhmanA. (1987). Psychophysiology of emotions: An evolutionary-cognitive perspective. EnAcklesP. K.JenningsR. R.ColesM.G.H.Advances in psychophysiology. Vol.3, 79–127. Londres: JAI Press.
28.
PerrettD. I.MistlinA. J.ChittyA. J.SmithP.A.J.PotterD. D.BroennimannR.HarriesM. (1988). Specialized face processing and hemispheric asymmetry in man and monkey: Evidence from sigle unit and reaction time studies.Behavioural Brain Research, 29, 245–258.
29.
PerrettD. I.MistlinA. J.PotterD. D.SmithP.A.J.HeadA. S.ChittyA. J.BroennimannR.MilnerA. D.JeevesM.A.J. (1986). Functional organization of visual neurones processing face identity. EnEllisH. D.JeevesM. A.NewcombeF.YoungA.Aspects of face processing, 187–198. Dordretcht: Nijhoff.
30.
PerrettD. I.SmithP. A.PotterD. D.MistlinA. J.HeadA. S.MilnerA. D.JeevesM. A. (1984). Neurons responsive to faces in the temporal cortex: Studies of functional organization, sensitivity to identity and relation to perception.Human Neurobiology, 3, 197–208.
31.
PotterD. D.ParkerD. M. (1989). Electrophysiological correlates of facial identity and expression processing. EnCrawfordJ. R.ParkerD. M.Developments in clinical and experimental neuropsychologyNueva York: Plenum.
32.
PotterD. D.ParkerD. M.EllisH. D. (1987). Processing of familiar and unfamiliar faces: An event-related potential and reaction time study (Abstract).Journal of Psychophysiology, 1, 187.
33.
RollsE. T. (1984). Neurons in the cortex of the temporal lobe and in the amygdala of the monkey with responses selective for faces.Human Neurobiology, 3, 209–222.
34.
SmallM. (1988). Visual evoked potentials in a patient with prosopagnosia.Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 71, 10–16.
35.
TomkinsS. S. (1982). Affect theory. EnEkmanP. (comp.): Emotion in the human face, 353–395. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36.
VanderploegR. D.BrownW. S.MarshJ. T. (1987). Judgements of emotion in words and faces: ERP correlates.International Journal of Psychophysiology, 5, 193–205.
