En la primera parte de este artículo se elabora un modelo de “construcción situacional de ingesta alcohólica”; en la segunda parte se aplica este modelo al estudio de la influencia de la publicidad sobre la ingesta alcohólica. El presupuesto básico de esta investigación era que mientras el sistema perceptivo es diferentemente afectado por los estados momentáneos, los estados experimentales o la propaganda sufrida, la estructura abstracta reflejada por la taxonomía situacional es escasamente afectada por la influencia de las variables experimentales, en este caso, por la propaganda alcohólica recibida. Los resultados encontrados manifiestan que la construcción de las situaciones de ingesta alcohólica está, al menos, modelada por los factores publicitarios, y que esta influencia es mayor cuanto menos es la edad de quien recibe la información.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adams-WebberJ. R.Personal Construct Theory. N. Y. Wiley-Sons, 1979.
AkersR. L.KrohnM. D.«Social Learning and Deviant Behavior: A Specific Test of a General Theory».American Sociological Review, 1979, 635–655.
4.
AschS. E.«Effects of group pressure upon modification and distortion of judgments». EnMaccobyE. E.NewcombT. M.HarleyE. L. (eds.) Readings in social psychology. N. Y. Holt, Rinehart y Winston, 1958.
5.
BarkerR. G.Ecological Psychology. California. Stanford University Press, 1968.
6.
BiddleB. J.BankB. J.MarlinM. M.«Parental and Peer Influence on Adolescents».Social Forces USA, 1980, 4, 1057–1079.
7.
BlockJ.BlockJ. H.«Studying situational dimensions: A grand perspective and some limited empiricism». EnMagnussonD. (ed.) Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspepctive. Hillsdale, New Jersey. LEA, 1981.
8.
BrittD. W.CampbellE. Q.«Assesing the Linkage of Norms, Environments and Déviance».Social Forces USA, 1977, 2, 532–549.
9.
BrunswikE.Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. Berkeley. University of California Press, 1956.
10.
BurkettS.WhiteM.«Hellfire and deliquency; another look».Journal Sciences Studies on Religion, 1974, 13, 455–462.
11.
CantorN.MischelW.SchwartzJ.«A prototipe analysis of psychological situations».Cognitive Psychology, 1982, 14, 45–77.
12.
DaviesD. L.StaceyB.Teenagers and alcohol: A developmental study in Glasgow. Vol. II, Londres. HMSO, 1976.
13.
EastmanC.Drink and Drinking Problems. N. Y. Ed. Longman, 1984.
14.
EndlerN. S.«Situational aspects of interactional psychology». EnMagnussonD. (ed.) Toward a psychology of situations: An interactive-perspective. New Jersey. LEA, Hillsdale, 1981.
EkehammarB.«Interactionism in personality from a historical perspective».Psychological bulletin, 1974, 81, 1026–1048.
17.
ForgasJ. P.«What is social about social cognition». EnForgasJ. P. (ed.) Social cognition: Perspectives on everyday understanding. Toronto. Academic Press, 1981.
18.
ForgasJ. P.Social Episodes:The Study of interaction routines. Toronto. Academic Press, 1979.
19.
FrederiksenN.«Toward a taxonomy of situations».American Psychologist, 1972, 27, 114–123.
20.
FurhanA.ArgyleM.The Psychology of Social situations. N. Y. Pergamon, 1981.
21.
HarburgE.DavisD. R.CaplanR.«Parent and Offspring Alcohol use. Imitative and Aversive Transmission», Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1982, 43, 497–515.
22.
HawkerA.Adolescents and alcohol. Londres. Edsall, 1978.
23.
HeathD. B.«Determining the Sociocultural Context of Alcohol Abuse», Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1981, Suppl. 9, 9–17.
24.
HornJ. L.«Comments on the many faces of alcoholism». EnNathanP. E.MarlattG. A.LobergT.Alcoholism, N. Y. Plenum Press, 1978.
25.
JamesL. R.SellsS. B.«Psychological climate: Theoretical perspectives and empirical research». EnMagnussonD. (ed.) Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective. New Jersey. LEA, Hillsdale, 1981.
26.
JellinekE. M.The disease concept of alcoholism. New Jersey. Hillhouse Press, 1960.
27.
JessorR.JessorS. L.Problem behavior and psychosocial development a longitudinal study of youth. N. Y. Academic Press, 1977.
28.
JonesJ. W.«Acquisitional Processes Underlying illicit alcohol abuse in underage children: An observational model».Psychological Reports, 1979, 3, 735–740.
29.
KandelD. B.TreimanD.FaustR.SingleE.«Adolescent Involvement in legal and illegal drug use: A multiple classification analysis».Social Forces USA, 1976, 5, 440–457.
30.
KantorJ. R.Principles of Psychology (vol. 1). Bloomington. Principia Press, 1924.
31.
KantorJ. R.Principles of Psychology (vol. 2). Bloomington. Principia Press, 1926.
32.
KellyG.The Psychology of Personal Constructs. N. Y. Norton, 1955.
33.
LataneB.DarleyJ. M.The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help? N. Y. Appleton-Century Crofts, 1970.
34.
MacandrewC.EdgertonR. B.Drunken Comportment: A social explanation. Chicago. Aldine, 1969.
35.
MagnussonD.«The person and the situation in an interactional model of behavior».Scandinavian Journal of Psichology, 1976, 17, 253–271.
36.
MagnussonD.«On the psychological situación».Reports from the Department of Psychology, 1978, 544. Universidad de Estocolmo.
37.
MagnussonD.«Wanted”: A psychology of situations».MagnussonD. (ed.) Toward a Psychology of situations: An interactional perspective. Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey. LEA, 1981.
38.
MagnussonD.EkehammarB.«An analysis of situational dimensions: A replication».Multivariate Behavior Research, 1973, 8, 331–339.
39.
MccordW.MccordJ.GudewanJ.Origins of alcoholism. California. Stanford University Press, 1960.
40.
MilgramS.«Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority».Human Relations, 1965, 18, 57–76.
41.
MischelW.Personality and assesment. N. Y. Wiley, 1968.
42.
MoosR. H.«Conceptualization of Human environments».American Psychologist, 1973, 28, 652–665.
43.
MurrayH. A.Explorations in personality. Oxford. Oxford University Press, 1938.
44.
NystedtL.«A model for studying the interaction between the objective situation and a person's construction of the situation». EnMagnussonE. (ed.) Toward a Psychology of situations. Hillsdale, New Jersey. LEA, 1981.
45.
NystedtL.«The situation: A constructivist approach». EnAdams-WebberJ. A.MancusoJ. C. (eds.) Applications of Personal Construct. N. Y. Academic Press, 1983.
46.
PervinL. A.«The representative design of person-situation research». EnMagnussonD.EndlerN. S. (eds.) Personality at the crossroads: Current issues in interactional psychology. Hillsdale, New Jersey. LEA, 1977.
47.
RatliffK. G.BurkharttB. R.«Sex differences in motivations for and effects of drinking among college students».Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1984, 45, 26–31.
48.
ReidD. W.WareE. E«Multidimensionality of internal versus external control; addition of a third dimension and non-distinction of self versus others».Canadian Journal Behavior Sciences, 1974, 6, 131–142.
49.
SchlegelR. P.SanbornM. D.«Religious affiliation and adolescent drinking».Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1979, 40, 693–703.
50.
SellsS. B.«A multivariate model of personality». EnRoyceJ. R. (ed.) Contributions of multivariate analysis and Psychosocial theory. N. Y. Academic Press, 1973.
51.
Seva DiazA.Vázquez CasabonaJ. J.«Aspectos socioculturales del alcohol y de las drogas de procedencia terapéutica».Revista de Análisysy Modificación de Conducta, 1975, 1, 57–83.
52.
SímboliB.Acculturated Drinking Practices and Problem Drinking among three generations of italians in America. Berkeley. Universidad de California, 1976.
53.
WechslerH.ThumD.«Teen-age drinking, drug use, and social correlates».Q. J. Studies on Alcohol, 1973, 34, 1220–1227.
54.
WilsonP. «Drinking in England and Wales. An enquiry carried out on behalf of the department of health and social security». Londres. HMSO, 1980.
55.
ZlmbardoP. G.HaneyG.BanksW. C.JaffeD. «The psychology of imprisonment: Privation power and pathology». Manuscrito no publicado. Stanford University, 1973.
