En este trabajo se describe la naturaleza del proceso de supervisión de la comprensión lectora y la evidencia empírica relativa a las dificultades que experimentan los lectores menos competentes para supervisar el significado de lo que leen y sobre la efectividad de algunos programas de intervención en estrategias de supervisión. Asimismo se extraen las implicaciones educativas de esa investigación en cuanto al tipo de estrategias a entrenar y en cuanto a los procedimientos de instrucción más eficaces para mejorar la comprensión lectora.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AckermanB. P. (1981). «Young children's understanding of a speaker's intentional use of a false utterance».Developmental Psychology, 17, 472–480.
2.
AckermanB. P. (1982). «Children's use of contextual expectations to detect and resolve comprehension failures».Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 33, 63–73.
3.
AlessiS. M.AndersonT. H.GoetzE. T. (1979). «An investigation of lookbacks during studing».Discourse Processes, 2, 197–212.
4.
AlonsoJ.MateosM. (1985). «Compresión lectora: modelos, entrenamiento y evaluación».Infancia y Aprendizaje, 31–32, 5–19.
5.
AlonsoJ.MateosM. (1987). «Entrenamiento de habilidades cognitivas. Comprensión lectora: fundamentación teórica». EnAlonsoJ., ¿Enseñar a pensar? Perspectivas para la educación compensatoria?Madrid: Centro Nacional de Investigación y Documentación Educativa.
6.
AndersonT. H. (1980). «Study strategies and adjunct aids». EnSpiroR.J.BruceB.C.BrewerW. F. (eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension. Hillsdale, Nueva York; Erlbaum.
7.
AndersonT. H.ArmbrusterB. B. (1984). «Content area textbooks». EnAndersonR. C.OsbornJ.TierneyR. (eds.), Learning to read in american schools.Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlaum.
8.
AndersonT. H.ArmbrusterB. B. (1986). «Readable textbooks, or, selecting a textbook is not like buying a pair of shoes». EnOrasanuJ. (ed.), Reading comprehension: from research to practice.Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
9.
AugustD. L.FlavellJ. H.CliftR. (1984). «Comparison of comprehension monitoring of skilled and less skilled readers».Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 39–53.
10.
BakerL. (1979). «Comprehension monitoring: identifying and coping with text confusions».Journal of Reading Behavior, 11, 363–374.
11.
BakerL. (1984). «Spontaneus versus instructed use of multiple standards for evaluating comprehension: Effects of age, reading proficiency and type of standard».Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 289–311 (a).
12.
BakerL. (1984). «Children's effective use of multiple standards for evaluating their comprehension».Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 588–597 (b).
13.
BakerL. (1985). «How do we know when we don't understand? Standards for evaluating text comprehension». EnForrest-PressleyD. L.MackinnonG. E.WallerT. G. (eds.), Metacognition, cognition and human performance (vol. 1).Orlando, F. L.: Academic Press (a).
14.
BakerL. (1985). «Differences in the standards used by college students to evaluate their comprehension of expository prose».Reading Research Quartely, 20, 297–313 (b).
15.
BakerL.AndersonR. I. (1982). «Effects of inconsistent information on text processing: Evidence for comprehension monitoring».Reading Research Quarterly, 17, 281–294.
16.
BakerL.BrownA. L. (1984). «Metacognitive skills of reading». EnPearsonD. (ed.), Handbook of reading research.Nueva York: Longman (a).
17.
BakerL.BrownA. L. (1984). «Cognitive monitoring in reading». EnFloodJ. (ed.), Understanding reading comprehension.Newark, D. E.: International Reading Association (b).
18.
BealC. R.FlavellJ. H. (1982). «Effect of increasing the salience of message ambiguities on kindergartners' evaluations of communicative success and message adequacy».Developmental Psychology, 18, 43–48.
19.
BeebeM. J. (1980). «The effect of different types of substitution miscues on reading».Reading Research Quarterly, 15, 324–336.
20.
BereiterC.BirdM. (1985). «Use of thinking aloud in identification and teaching of reading comprehension strategies».Cognition and Instruction, 2, 131–156.
21.
BransfordJ. D.SteinB. S.Arbitman-SmithR.VyeN. J. (1985). «Three approaches to improving thinking and learning skills». EnSegalJ.ChipmanS.GlaserR. (eds.), Thinking and learning skills: relating instruction to basic research (vol. 1).Hilssdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
22.
BrownA. L.PalincsarA. S. (1982). «Inducing strategic learning from texts by means of informed, self-control training».Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities, 2, 1–17.
23.
BrownA. L.PalincsarA. S. (1987). «Reciprocal teaching of comprehension strategies: A natural history of one program for enhancing learning». EnBorkowskiJ.DayJ. D. (eds.), Intelligence and cognition in special children: Comparative studies of giftedness, mental retardation and learning disabilities.Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.
24.
BrownA. L.PalincsarA. S.ArmbrusterB. B. (1984). «Instructing comprehension-fostering activities in interactive learning situations». EnMandlH.SteinN. L.TrabassoT. (eds.), Learning and comprehension of text.Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
25.
CosgroveJ. M.PattersonC.J. (1977). «Plans and the development of listener skills».Developmental Psychology, 13, 557–564.
26.
DannerF. W. (1976). «Children's understanding of intersentence organization in the recall of short descriptive passages».Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 174–183.
27.
DivestaF. J.HaywardK. G.OrlandoV. P. (1979). «Developmental trends in monitoring text for comprehension».Child Development, 50, 97–105.
28.
FrazierL.RaynerK. (1982). «Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences».Cognitive Psychology, 14, 178–210.
29.
FrederiksenJ. R. (1981). Understanding anaphora: Rules used by readers in assigning pronominal referents».Discourse Processes, 4, 323–347.
30.
GarnerR. (1980). «Monitoring of understanding: An investigation of good and poor reader's awareness of induced miscomprehension of text».Journal of Reading Behavior, 12, 55–64.
31.
GarnerR. (1981). «Monitoring of passage inconsistency among poor comprehenders: A preliminary test of “piecemeal processing” explanation».Journal of Education Reserach, 74, 159–162.
32.
GarnerR.AndersonJ. (1981–1982). «Monitoring of understanding research: Inquiry directions, methodological dilemmas».Journal of Experimental Education, 50, 70–76.
33.
GarnerR.KrausC. (1981–1982). «Good and poor comprehender differences in knowing and regulating reading behaviors».Educational Research Quarterly, 6, 5–12.
34.
GarnerR.MacreadyG. B.WagonerS. (1984). «Reader's acquisition of the components of the text-lookback strategy».Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 300–309.
35.
GarnerR.ReisR. (1981). «Monitoring and resolving comprehension obstacles: An investigation of spontaneous text lookbacks among upper-grade good and poor comprehenders».Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 569–582.
36.
GarnerR.TaylorN. (1982). «Monitoring of understanding: An investigation of the effects of attentional assistance needs at different grade and reading proficiency levels».Reading Psychology, 3, 1–6.
37.
GarnerR.WagonerS.SmithT. (1983). «Externalizing question-answering strategies of good and poor comprehenders».Reading Research Quarterly, 18, 439–447.
38.
GlenbergA. M.WilkinsonA. C.EpsteinW. (1982). «The illusion of knowing: Failure in the self-assessment of comprehension».Memory and Cognition, 10, 597–602.
39.
HallidayM. A.HasanR. (1976). Cohesion in English.Londres: Longman.
40.
HarrisP. LKruithofA.TerwogtM.VisserT. (1981). «Children's detection and awareness of textual anomaly».Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 31, 212–230.
41.
IronsmithM.WhitehurstG. J. (1978). «The development of listener abilities in communication: How children deal with ambiguous information».Child Development, 49, 348–352.
42.
IsaksonR. L.MillerJ. W. (1976). «Sensivity of syntactic and semantic cues in good and poor comprehenders».Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 787–792.
43.
KaravenickJ. D.MillerS. A. (1978). «The effets of age, sex and listener feedback on grade school children's referential communication».Child Development, 48, 678–683.
44.
KavaleK.SchreinerR. (1979). «The reading process of above average and average readers: A comparison of the use of reasoning strategies in responding to standardized comprehension measures».Reading Research Quarterly, 15, 102–128.
45.
KlmmelS.MacginitieW. H. (1984). «Identifying children who use a persevarative text processing strategy».Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 162–172.
46.
KintschW.Van DijkT. A. (1978). «Toward a model of text comprehension and production».Psychological Review, 85, 363–394.
47.
KotsonisM. E.PattersonC. J. (1980). «Comprehension monitoring skills in learning disabled children».Developmental Psychology, 16, 541–542.
48.
LesgoldA. MRothS. F.CurtisM. E. (1979). «Foregrounding effects in discourse comprehension».Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 291–308.
49.
MarkmanE. M. (1977). «Realizing that you don't understand: A preliminary investigation».Child Development, 48, 986–992.
50.
MarkmanE. M. (1979). «Realizing that you don't understand: Elementary school children's awareness of induced miscomprehension of text».Journal of Reading Behavior, 50, 643–655.
51.
MarkmanE. M. (1985). «Comprehension monitoring: Developmental and educational issues». EnSegalJ.ChipmanS.GlaserR. (eds.), Thinking and learning skills: Research and open questions (vol. 2).Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
52.
MarkmanE. M.GorinL. (1981). «Children's ability to adjust their standards for evaluating comprehension».Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 320–325.
53.
MateosM. (1989). Leer para comprender: Desarrollo y valoración de un programa de entrenamiento en supervisión y regulación de la comprensión lectora. Tesis Doctoral editada en microficha. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma.
54.
MillerJ. W.IsaksonR. L. (1978). «Contextual sensivity in beginning readers».The Elementary School Journal, 78, 325–331.
55.
OwingsR. A.PetersonG. A.BransfordJ. D.MorrisC. D.SteinB. S. (1980). «Spontaneus monitoring and regulation of learning: A comparison of successful and less successful fifth graders».Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 250–256.
56.
PalincsarA. S.BrownA. L. (1984). «Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering activities in interactive learning situations». EnMandlH.SteinN. L.TrabassoT. (eds.), Learning and comprehension of text.Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
57.
ParisS. D.CrossD. R.LipsonM. Y. (1984). «Informed strategies for learning: A program to improve children's reading awareness and comprehension».Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1239–1252.
58.
ParisS. G.JacobsJ. E. (1984. «The benefits of informed instruction for children's reading awareness and comprehension skills». Child Development, 55, 2083–2093.
59.
ParisS. G.LipsonM. Y.WixsonK. K. (1983). «Becoming a strategic reader».Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 293–316.
60.
ParisS. G.MyersM. (1981). «Comprehension monitoring, memory, and study strategies of good and poor readers».Journal or Reading Behavior, 13, 5–22.
61.
ParisS. G.OkaE. R. (1986). «Children's reading strategies, metacognition, and motivation».Developmental Review, 6, 25–56.
62.
PattersonC. J.CosgroveJ. M.O'brienR. G. (1980). «Nonverbal indicators of comprehension and noncomprehension in children».Developmental Psychology, 16, 38–48.
63.
PattersonC. J.O'brienC.KisterM. C.MasterD. B.KotsonisM. E. (1981). «Development of comprehension monitoring as a function of context».Developmental Psychology, 17, 379–389.
64.
RevelleG. L.WellmanH. M.KarabenickJ. D. (1985). «Comprehension monitoring in preschool children».Child Development, 56, 654–663.
65.
RiesbeckC. K. (1980). «“You can't mis it!”: Judging the clarity of directions».Cognitive Science, 4, 285–303.
66.
ScardamaliaM.BereiterC. (1984). «Development of strategies in text processing». EnMandlH.SteinN. L.TrabassoT. (eds.), Learning and comprehension of text.Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
67.
SteinN. L.TrabassoT. (1982). «What's in a story: An approach to comprehension and instruction». EnGlaserR. (ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (vol. 2).Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey: Erlbaum.
68.
SternbergR. J.PowellJ. S. (1983). «Comprehending verbal comprehension».American Psychologist, august, 878–893.
69.
TikhomirovO. K.KlochkoV. E. (1981). «The detection of a contradiction as the initial stage of problem formulation». EnWertschJ. (ed.), The concept of activity in soviet psychology.Armonk, Nueva Jersey: M. E. Sharpe.
70.
WeberR. (1970). «First-grader's use of grammatical context in reading». EnLevinH.WilliamsJ. (eds.), Basic studies in reading.Nueva York: Basic Books.
71.
WilliamsJ. P.TaylorM. B.GangerS. (1981). «Text variations at the level of the individual sentence and the comprehension of simple expository paragraphs».Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 851–865.
72.
WimmerH. (1979). «Processing of script deviations by young children».Discourse Processes, 2, 301–310.
73.
WollmanW.EylonB.LawsonA. E. (1979). «Acceptance of lack of closure: Is it an index of advanced reasoning?»Child Development, 59, 656–665.
74.
WykesT. (1981). «Inference and children's comprehension of pronouns».Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 32, 264–278.
