Se aborda en este trabajo la dominancia o lateralización hemisférica cerebral, en cuanto posible factor etiológico de interés para la neuropsicología de la dislexia evolutiva. Se precisan las relaciones con la lateralidad manual y se revisan, a la luz de los conocimientos actuales, los conceptos legados por Broca y Orton. En este sentido, también se revisa la teoría de la dominancia desde el principio (Kinsbourne) en cuanto contrapuesta a la teoría de la progresiva lateralización hemisférica en la ontogenia (Lenneberg). Los principales modelos de dislexia basados en la organización cerebral se agrupan según hagan referencia a la integración interhemisférica, a la especialización hemisférica o a la integración intersensorial. Como aplicación a la educación, se proponen algunas consideraciones generales derivadas del enfoque neuropsicológico y se revisa críticamente el carácter generalizador de una educación basada en la hemisfericidad.
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