Se han empleado muchos procedimientos para la supresión de conductas autolesivas, pero en pocos casos se ha tenido en cuenta dotar al sujeto de un comportamiento más adaptativo. La hipótesis que se propone es que el castigo de las conductas autolesivas no provocará un aumento de los comportamientos adaptados si éstos no forman ya parte del repertorio conductual del niño. Para corroborar esta hipótesis se realiza un estudio en dos fases con niños deficientes profundos con conductas autolesivas utilizando castigo social. Los resultados muestran que la operación de castigo contingente es efectiva en la eliminación de conductas autolesivas, que este tipo de conductas son mantenidas por el medio ambiente y la necesidad de enseñar y reforzar positivamente conductas más adaptadas.
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