El desarrollo del estilo cognitivo dependencia-independencia de campo

Abstract

English

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de los aspectos evolutivos de la dependencia-independencia de campo (DIC). Parece que el estilo cognitivo DIC aparece en los sujetos a una edad bastante temprana y presenta unas pautas de evolución constantes y estables. Algunos factores culturales, como las pautas de crianza, tienen gran influencia sobre la formación de la DIC. Los sujetos se hacen más independientes según avanza su edad y se estabilizan en la vida adulta. También se encuentran diferencias sexuales, de forma que los hombres tienden a ser más independientes que las mujeres. El artículo analiza los aspectos más esenciales de la teoría de Pascual-Leone de los Operadores Constructivos, principalmente en relación con los estilos cognitivos. Las investigaciones sobre este tema han ido en aumento y casi todas muestran una clara relación entre la DIC y la resolución de tareas piagetianas. Se hace una revisión de los diferentes estudios que relacionan DIC y pensamiento formal, según el grado de dificultad de las tareas utilizadas.

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