The government of London has fragmented. Numerous quangos have taken over urban policy and planning roles. Recently further bodies have arisen in response to the government's urban expenditure competitions. This fragmentation has been accompanied by increasing centralisation, achieved through institutional reforms, central government appointments and financial controls. Government also encouraged a considerable role for the private sector. Whilst the boroughs are included in decision-making, primary objectives are set by the private sector and are concerned with London'sworld-city role. Through a unique 'partnership' with the public and private sectors, central government claims a mandate for its policies. The future of the governance of London is contested but central government is likely to continue playing a strong role.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AMA (1993) The Basics for Londoners . London: Association of Metropolitan Authorities, November.
2.
Audit Commission (1989) Urban Regeneration and Economic Development. London: HMSO.
3.
Biggs, S. and Travers, T. (1994) Opportunities for city-wide government in London: the experience of the metropolitan areas, Local Government Policy Making, 21(2), pp. 25-33.
4.
CBI (1991) A London Development Agency: Optimising the Capital's Assets. London: CBI.
5.
Chevrant-Breton, M. (1997) Selling the world city, European Planning Studies. (Forthcoming).
6.
Clegg, T., Crouch, R., Dunleavy, P. and Harding, A. (1985) The future of London government. TheGreater London Group, London School of Economics and Political Science.
7.
Colenutt, B. and Ellis, G. (1993) The next quangos in London, New Statesman and Society, 26 March, pp. 20-21.
8.
Collinge, C. and Marsh, A. (1995) Restructuring the regional state. Paper presented to the 10th Urban Change and Conflict Conference , University of London, September.
9.
Coopers & Lybrand, Deloitte, (1991) London: World City Moving into the 21st Century. London: HMSO.
10.
Dahrendorf, R., Greengross, A., Layfield, F. ET AL. (1993) Let's rescue London before it goes under , The Observer, 28 November.
11.
Department Of The Environment (1993) London — Making the Best Better. London, HMSO.
12.
Department Of The Environment (1995) London gets voice closer to government. Press Release 575, 23 November, London.
13.
Digaetano, A. and Klemanski, J. (1993) Urban regimes in comparative perspective, Urban Affairs Quarterly, 29, pp. 54-83.
14.
Evening Standard (1996) Now's the time for Greenwich , 22 January, pp. 27 and 50.
15.
Fiddeman, P. (1994) Single regeneration budget, in: M. Edwards and J. Ryser (Eds) Bidding for the Single Regeneration Budget, pp. 37-41. Workshop Proceedings, UCL.
16.
Financial Times (1996) A city marketing challenge , FT 8196, 8 January, p. 18.
17.
Friedmann, J. (1995), Where we stand: a decade of world city research , in: P. Knox and P. Taylor (Eds) World Cities in a World System , pp. 21-74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18.
Gibson, C. (1996) Going for gold, Planning Week, 4(2), pp. 14-15.
19.
Gordon, I. (1994) London: world city: political and organisa tional constraints on territorial competition. Paper to Conference on Cities, Enterprises and Society at the Eve of the XXI Century . IFRESI, Lille, March.
20.
Government Office For London (1996) Strategic Guidance for London Authorities. RPG3, London .
21.
Gummer, J. (1996) Celebrate London's success— don'tknock it. Talk given to the Evening Standard/Architectural Foundation debate on the Future of London, January .
22.
Hall, P. (1995) Strategic advice and strategic guidance: where now? What next? Paper toESRCLondon Research Seminar, May.
23.
Hall, S., Beazley, M., Bentley, A. ET AL. (1996) The SRB: A Review of Challenge Fund Round II. Centre for Urban and Regional Studies, University of Birmingham.
24.
Harding, A. (1994) Urban regimes and growth machines: towards a cross-national agenda, Urban Affairs Quarterly, 29, pp. 356-382.
25.
Hebbert, M. (1992) Governing the capital, in: A. Thornley (Ed.) The Crisis of London, pp. 134-148. London : Routledge.
26.
Hebbert, M. and Travers, T. (1988) The London Government Handbook. London: Cassell.
27.
Hellen, N. (1996) Millennium party may cost charities £300m, Sunday Times, 3 November, p. 2.
28.
Johnston, B. (1993) London shapes vision into the next century, Planning, 1026, 9 July, pp. 18-20.
29.
Keating, M. (1991) Comparative Urban Politics. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
30.
Labour Party (1996) A voice forLondon. London: Labour Party.
31.
London Business School (1995) The City Research Project: Final Report. London: LBS.
32.
London First (1992) London First: A World Class Capital. London: London First.
33.
London Pride Partnership (1996a) Annual Report 1995. London. February.
34.
London Pride Partnership (1996b) Making a commitment to the capital 1997-2002. London. December.
35.
London Research Centre (1996) London 95. London: LRC.
36.
London Voluntary Service Council (1996) A strategic authority for London: a voluntary sector perspective. London: LVSC.
37.
Lpac (1994) Advice on strategic planning guidance for London. London: LPAC.
38.
Mollenkopf, J. (1992) A Phoenix in the Ashes. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
39.
Newman, P. (1995) London Pride, Local Economy, 10, pp. 117-123.
40.
Newman, P. and Thornley, A. (1992) Londoners lose out in world city stakes, Planning, 961, pp. 6-7.
41.
Porter, Dame S. (1990) A Minister for London: a capital concept. FPL Financial Holdings, London.
42.
Rhodes, R.A.W. (1996) The new governance: governing without government , Political Studies, 44, pp. 652-667.
43.
Robinson, S. (1990) City under stress, The Planner , 76, p. 10.
44.
Rogers, R. and Fisher, M. (1992) A New London. Harmondsworth : Penguin.
45.
Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City: New York. London and Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
46.
Sharpe, L.J. (1995) The abolition of the Greater London Council: is there a case for resurrection ?, in: L. J. Sharpe (Ed.) The Government of World Cities, pp. 111-130. Chichester : Wiley.
47.
Skelcher, C. and Stewart, J. (1993) The appointed government of London. Paper prepared for the Association of London Authorities. November.
48.
Stanton, R. (1995) Access to capital for local services. Paper to theESRCLondon Seminar, February.
49.
Stevenson, D. (1994) Partnerships and the new sub-regions needed for resource bidding, in: M. Edwards and J. Ryser (Eds) Bidding for the Single Regeneration Budget Workshop Proceedings, pp. 44-48. London : UCL.
50.
Stoker, G. (1995) Regime theory in urban politics, in: D. Judge, G Stoker and H. Wolman (Eds) Theories of Urban Politics, pp. 54-71. London: Sage.
51.
Stoker, G. (1996) Public-private partnerships and urban governance . Paper to the Institute of British Geographers Conference, Glasgow, January.
52.
Stoker, G. and Mossberger, K. (1994) Urban regime theory in comparative perspective , Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 12, pp. 195-212.
53.
Stone, C., Orr, M. and Imbroscio, D. (1991) The reshaping of urban leadership in US cities: a regime analysis, in: M. Gottdiener and C. Pickvance (Eds) Urban Life in Transition, pp. 222-239c. London: Sage.
54.
Thornley, A. (1993) Urban Planning under Thatcherism: The Challenge of the Market. London: Routledge .
55.
Thornley, A. and Newman, P. (1996) International competition, urban governance and planning projects: Malmo, Birmingham and Lille, European Planning Studies, 4, pp. 579-594
56.
Tickell, A., Peck, J. and Dicken, P. (1995) The fragmented region: business, the state and economic development in North West England, in: M. Rhodes (Ed.) The Regions and the New Europe, pp. 247-272. Manchester: Manchester University Press .
57.
Travers, T., Jones, G., Hebbert, M. and Burnham, J. (1991) The Government of London. York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
