The Irish urban system has evolved over time. Urban centres have moved up and down the urban hierarchy, and the delineation of urban spheres of influence for the top levels of the urban hierarchy in 1966, 1971 and 1981 indicates that hinterlands have also changed. New centres in the upper tiers of the hierarchy developed in areas where the hinterlands of the older centres in that tier had previously converged. The analysis of such spheres of influences and urban attraction over time can be used as an important aid for a variety of types of government planning.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Berry, B.J.L. and Lamb, R.F. (1974) The delineation of urban spheres of influence: evaluation of an interaction model, Regional Studies, 8, pp. 185-190.
2.
Berry, B.J.L. and Parr, J.B. ET AL. (1988) Market Centers and Retail Location: Theory and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
3.
Black, W. (1977) Industrial development and regional policy, in N.J. Gibson and J.E. Spencer (Eds) Economic Activity in Ireland: A Study of Two OpenEconomies, pp. 40-78. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan.
4.
Brady, J.E. (1988) Population change in Dublin 1981-86, Irish Geography, 21(1), pp. 41-44.
5.
Butlin, R.A. (1977a) Irish towns in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , in: R.A. Butlin (Ed.) The Development of the Irish Town, pp. 61-100. London: Croom Helm.
6.
Butlin, R.A. (1977b) Urban and proto-urban settlements in pre-Norman Ireland, in: R.A. Butlin (Ed.) The Development of the Irish Town, pp. 11-27. London: Croom Helm.
7.
Camagni, R.P. and Salone, C. (1993) Network urban structures in northern Italy: elements for a theoretical framework, UrbanStudies, 30, pp. 1053-1064.
8.
Carter, H., Stafford, H.A. and Gilbert, M.M. (1970) Functions of Welsh towns: implications for central place notions, Economic Geography, 46(1), pp. 25-38.
9.
Central Statistics Office (1966) Census of Population of Ireland, 1966. Dublin : Stationery Office.
10.
Central Statistics Office (1971) Census of Population of Ireland, 1971. Dublin: Stationery Office.
11.
Central Statistics Office (1981) Census of Population of Ireland, 1981. Dublin: Stationery Office.
12.
Chen, X. (1991) China's city hierarchy, urban policy and spatial development in the 1980s, UrbanStudies, 28, pp. 341-367.
13.
Curtin, D., Grimes, T.A. and Menton, B. (1976) Population Growth and Other Statistics of Middle-sized Irish Towns. Paper No. 85, Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin.
14.
Doan, P.L. (1991) Changing administrative regions in Jordan: regional development strategy or distraction, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 82, pp. 177-184.
15.
Elliot, H.M. (1983) Surrounding larger neighbors and the Atlantic coast cardinal neighbor gradient, Economic Geography, 59(4), pp. 426-444.
16.
Elliot, H.M. (1985) Cardinal place geometry, Geographical Analysis, 17(1), pp. 16-35.
17.
Gaile, G.L. (1988) Choosing locations for small town development to enable market and employment expansion: the case of Kenya, Economic Geography, 64, pp. 242-254.
18.
Gambini, R. (1966) A Computer Program for Calculating Lines of Equilibrium between Multiple Centers of Attraction. Center for Regional Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
19.
Gambini, R., Huff, D.L. and Jenks, G.F. (1968) Geometric properties of market areas, Papers of theRegional Science Association, 20, pp. 85-92.
20.
Glasson, J. (1992) The fall and rise on regional planning in the economically advanced nations, UrbanStudies, 29, pp. 505-531.
21.
Graham, B.J. (1977) The towns of Medieval Ireland, in: R.A. Butlin (Ed.) The Development of the Irish Town, pp. 28-60. London: Croom Helm .
22.
Graham, J. and Ross, R.J.S. (1989) From manufacturing-based industrial policy to service-based employment policy?: class politics and the 'Massachusetts Miracle', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 13(1), pp. 121-136.
23.
Hall, P., and Hay, D. (1980) Growth Centres in the European System. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
24.
Hosier, R.H. (1987) The informal sector in Kenya: spatial variation and development alternatives, Journal of Developing Areas , 21, pp. 383-402.
25.
Huff, D.L. (1973) The delineation of a national system of planning regions on the basis of urban spheres of influences, Regional Studies, 7, pp. 323-329.
26.
Huff, D.L., and Jenks, G.F. (1968) A graphic interpretation of the friction of distance in gravity models, Annals of the American Association of Geographers , 58(4), pp. 814-824.
27.
Huff, D.L. and Lutz, J.M. (1979a) Deriving planning regions for developing countries , in: R.A. Obudho and D.R.F. Taylor (Eds) The Spatial Structure of Development: A Case Study from Kenya, pp. 74-99. Boulder, CO: Westview.
28.
Huff, D.L. and Lutz, J.M. (1979b) Ireland's urban system, Economic Geography, 55, pp. 196-212.
29.
Huff, D.L. and Lutz, J.M. (1989) Urban spheres of influence in Ghana, Journal of Developing Areas, 23(1), pp. 201-220.
30.
Illeris, S. (1970) Hierarchies of functional regions: theoretical models and empirical evidence for Denmark, in: B.J.L. Berry and F.E. Horton (Eds) Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systerns with IntegratedReadings, pp. 200-207. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
31.
Jensen-Butler, C. (1992) Rural industrialization in Denmark and the role of public policy, UrbanStudies, 29, pp. 881-904.
32.
McRae, D.J. (1971) MIKCA: a FORTRAN IV iterative k-means cluster analysis program, Behavioral Science, 10, pp. 423-424.
33.
Mehretu, A., Wittick, R.I. and Pigozzi, B.W. (1983) Spatial design for basic needs in eastern Upper Volta, Journal of Developing Areas, 17, pp. 383-394.
34.
Oakley, R.P. and Cooper, S.Y. (1989) High technology industry, agglomeration and the potential for peripherally sited small firms, Regional Studies , 23, pp. 347-360.
35.
O'Farrell, P.N. and Crouchley, R. (1984) An industrial and spatial analysis of new firm formation in Ireland, Regional Studies, 18, pp. 221-236.
36.
Parr, J.B. (1980) Frequency distributions of central places in southern Germany, Economic Geography, 24, pp. 141-154.
37.
Richardson, H.W. (1987) Whither national urban policy in developing countries? UrbanStudies, 24, pp. 227-244.
38.
Rondinelli, D.A. (1983) Secondary Cities in Developing Counties: Policies for Diffusing Urbanization, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
39.
Schneider, M. (1992) City limits and the growth of suburban retail trade, 1982-1987, Urban Affairs Quarterly, 27, pp. 604-614.
40.
Smith, C.A. (1985) Class relations and urbanization in Guatemala: toward an alternative theory of urban primacy, in: M. Timberlake (Ed.) Urbanization in the World Economy, pp. 121-167. New York: Academic Press.
41.
Stabler, J.C. (1987) Trade center evolution in the Great Plains, Journal of Regional Science, 27, pp. 225-244.
42.
Stabler, J.C. and Williams, P.R. (1973) The changing structure of the central place hierarchy , Land Economics, 49, pp. 454-458.
43.
Suarez-Villa, L. (1988) Metropolitan evolution, sectoral economic change, and city size distribution, UrbanStudies, 25, pp. 1-20.
44.
Walters, P.B. (1985) Systems of cities and urban primacy: problems of definition and measurement, in: M. Timberlake (Ed.) Urbanization in the World Economy pp. 63-85. New York: Academic press.
