Abstract
For a long time, the inner cities and their surrounding 19th-century neighbourhoods were minimum-choice neighbourhoods. The more prosperous people lived in the suburbs. This socio-economic pattern of residential areas in the metropolitan region has, however, been less stable during the past 10 years. Inner-city districts and rural areas have undergone a process of upgrading, while residential areas built in the 1960s and even some suburban municipalities experienced downgrading. This paper deals with upgrading and downgrading in the Rotterdam metropolitan region for the past 20 years. The processes are interpreted as a consequence of societal changes and the intervention of central and local government.
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