The paper reports the economic transformation of four major steel-producing areas - Pittsburgh, Nord-Pas de Calais, the Ruhrgebiet and west central Scotland. The relationship between demographic and economic change is examined. In the long run, the scope and impact of policies for economic regeneration are found to be determined by the role and functions of the different levels of government, the pattern of relations which exist between the public and private sectors, labour-management relations and the role of the political parties. The paper further compares economic change in Pittsburgh with twelve other US regions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Andrews, W. (1974). 'The Politics of Regionalization in France' in M. O. Heisler, ed., Politics in Europe: Structures and Processes in Some Postindustrial Democracies. New York: David McKay.
2.
Appelbaum, E. (1984). 'High Tech and Structural Employment Problems of the 1980s' in E. Collins et al (eds.), American Jobs and The Changing Industrial Base. Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Company.
3.
Ashford, D. (1982). British Dogmatism and French Pragmatism: Central-Local Policymaking in the Welfare State. London: George Allen & Unwin.
4.
Bluestone, B. and Bennett, H. (1982). The Deindustrialization of America. New York: Basic Books.
5.
Clark, D. (1985). Post Industrial America. New York: Methuen.
6.
Clarke, E.S. (1986). 'Urban America Inc.: Corporatist Convergence of Power in American Cities?' in E. M. Bergman , (ed.), Local Economics in Transition: Policy Realities and Development Potentials. Durham: Duke University Press.
7.
Coleman, M. (1986). 'Examination of Public/Private Cooperative Response Pattern to Regional Structural Change in the Pittsburgh Region', Paper presented at the conference on Regional Structural Change and Industrial Policy in International Perspective, Spryer , West Germany.
8.
Economic Report Of The President (1985). Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
9.
Giarratani, F. and Houston, D. (Forthcoming). 'Economic Change in the Pittsburgh Region' in J. J. Hesse (ed.), Regional Structural Change and Industrial Policy in International Perspective. London: Oxford University Press.
10.
Gorham, W. and Glazer, N. (1976). The Urban Predicament. Washington,D.C. : The Urban Institute.
11.
Gurwitz, A.S. and Kingsley, G.T. (1982). The Cleveland Metropolitan Economy. Santa Monica: The Rand Corporation.
12.
Hanson, R. (ed.). (1983). Rethinking Urban Policy: Urban Development in An Advanced Economy. Washington,D.C.: National Academy Press.
13.
Hesse, J.J. (1986). 'The Ruhr Area: Policy Analysis', Paper presented at the conference on Regional Structural Change and Industrial Policy in International Perspective, Spryer , West Germany.
14.
Hesse, J.J. (1984). 'Politico-Administrative Reactions to the Structural Crisis in the Ruhr Region', Paper presented at the Workshop on Regional Structural Change in International Perspective, Pittsburgh.
15.
Hoowood, B.W. (1982). 'The Regional Dimension of Industrial Policy' in P. Madgwick and R. Rose, (eds.), The Territorial Dimension of the United Kingdom Politics. London: Macmillan.
16.
Hoover, E.M. and Giarratani, F. (1986). An Introduction to Regional Economics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
17.
Ingham, K. and Love, J. (eds.). (1983). Understanding the Scottish Economy. Oxford: Martin Robertson .
18.
Kellas, J.G. and Madgwick, P. (1982). 'Territorial Ministries: The Scottish and Welsh Offices' in P. Madgwick and R. Rose, (eds.), The Territorial Dimension of United Kingdom Politics. London: Macmillan.
19.
Lever, W.F. (1984). 'Restructuring the Economy of Glasgow', Paper presented at the Workshop on Regional Structural Change in International Perspective, Pittsburgh.
20.
Levy, J.M. (1985). Urban and Metropolitan Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
21.
Meny, I. (1986). 'The Policies and Politics of Industrial Adjustments: The Case of Lille and Valenciennes'in the NORD Region', Paper presented at the conference on Regional Structural Change and Industrial Policy in International Perspective, Spryer, West Germany.
22.
Sbragia, A. (no date). 'From Welfare to Growth: Local Governments and Economic Competition in Britain and France', unpublished paper, University of Pittsburgh.
23.
Schlieper, A. (1984). 'The Ruhr Area', Paper presented at the Workshop on Regional Structural Change in International Perspective , Pittsburgh.
24.
Shonfield, A. (1974). Modern Capitalism: The Changing Balance of Public and Private Power. London: Oxford University Press.
25.
Singh, V.P. et al. (1984). The State of the Region: Recent Economic, Demographic and Social Trends in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
26.
Summers, A.A. and Luce, T.F. (1985). Economic Report on Philadelphia Metropolitan Area 1985. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
27.
Tuppen, J.N. (1984). 'Social and Economic Change in the Urban Region of Lille Since 1980', Comparative Studies of Conurbations Project, Working Paper No. 5, University of Salford.
28.
Tuppen, J.N. (1983). Economic Geography of France. London: Croom Helm.
29.
Wight, T. (1984). 'The Role of the Scottish Development Agency in the West Central Scotland Conurbation', Paper presented at the Workshop on Regional Structural Change in International Perspective , Pittsburgh.
