Almost a decade ago Aaron Director proposed a law of public expenditures: Public expenditures are made for the primary benefit of the middle classes, and financed with taxes which are borne in considerable part by the poor and the rich.... Fire and police activities, for example, are clearly middle-income oriented to the extent that they protect property, and it would be interesting to investigate the extent to which such activities are provided more liberally in middle than in lower income areas of cities.
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