Demographic Correlates of Status Differences in a Metropolitan Population

Donald J. Bogue , Population Growth in Standard Metropolitan Areas, 1900-1950 ( Washington, D.C.: Housing and Home Financing Agency , 1953), p. vii.

Amos H. Hawley , Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York: Ronald Press , 1950); Donald J. Bogue , op. cit; Donald J. Bogue , Metropolitan Decentralization: A Study of Differential Growth ( Oxford, Ohio:- Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems, 1950); Amos H. Hawley , Beverly Duncan and David Goldberg , 'Some Observations of Changes in Metropolitan Population in the United States', Demography, 1 (1964), pp. 148-55.

Bernard Lazerwitz , 'Metropolitan Community Residential Belts, 1950 and 1956', American Sociological Review, 25 (April 1960), pp. 245-52; Leslie Kish , 'Differentiation in Metropolitan Areas', American Sociological Review, 19 (August 1954), pp. 388-98; Leo F. Schnore , 'Satellites and Suburbs', Social Forces, 36 (December 1959), pp. 121-29; Leo F. Schnore , 'Components of Population Change in Large Metropolitan Suburbs', American Sociological Review, 23 (October 1958), pp. 570-3; and Henry S. Shryock, Jr. , 'Population Redistribution within Metropolitan Areas: Evaluation of Research', Social Forces , 35 (December 1956), pp. 154-9.

Cf. Bernard Lazerwitz , op. cit; Leo F. Schnore , 'The Socio-economic Status of Cities and Suburbs', American Sociological Review , 28 (February 1963), pp. 76-85; Reynolds Farley , 'Suburban Persistence', American Sociological Review, 29 (February 1964), pp. 38-47; and Leo F. Schnore , 'Urban Structure and Suburban Selectivity', Demography , 1 (1964), pp. 164-76.

For a discussion of some of the problems inherent in the use of areal data, see W.S. Robinson , 'Ecological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals', American Sociological Review, 15 (June 1950), PP. 351-7; and Otis Dudley Duncan , Ray P. Cuzzort and Beverly Duncan , Statistical Geography (Glencoe: Free Press, 1961).

Kurt Mayer and Sidney Goldstein , 'Interrelationships between Social and Demographic Processes in an American City', Transactions of the International Population Conference, Vienna 1959 (Vienna: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, 1959), pp. 92-105; see also the following publications by Sidney Goldstein and Kurt B. Mayer : Metropolitanization and Population Change in Rhode Island (Providence, Rhode Island: Rhode Island Development Council, 1962); 'The Relation of Migration and Intra-Urban Mobility to Population Decline in an American City, 1950-1960', International Population Conference, New York 1961 (London: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, 1963), pp. 437-47 ; 'Population Decline and the Social and Demographic Structure of an American City', American Sociological Review, 29 (February 1964), pp. 48-54; and 'Migration and Journey to Work', Social Forces, 42 (May 1964), PP. 472-81.

Eshref Shevky and Wendell Bell, Social Area Analysis (Stanford : Stanford University Press, 1955 ), pp. 54-58.

Although both the theoretical rationale and the empirical validity of social area analysis has been questioned [see Amos Hawley and Otis Dudley Duncan , 'Social Area Analysis: A Critical Appraisal', Land Economics, 33 (November 1957), pp. 337-45; J. Richard Udry , 'Increasing Scale and Spatial Differentiation: New Tests of Two Theories from Shevky and Bell', Social Forces, 42 (May 1964), pp. 403-13; and Wendell Bell and Charles C. Moskos, Jr. , ' A Comment on Udry's "Increasing Scale and Spatial Differentiation"' Social Forces, 42 (May 1964), pp. 414-17], the general applicability of Shevky's indexes has been confirmed by Calvin Schmid and associates in a series of articles. [See Calvin F. Schmid , 'Generalizations Concerning the Ecology of the American City', American Sociological Review, 15 (April 1950), pp. 264-81; Maurice D. Van Arsdol , Jr. , Santo Camilleri and Calvin F. Schmid , 'The Generality of Urban Social Area Indexes ', American Sociological Review , 23 (June 1958), pp. 277-84; Calvin F. Schmid , Earle H. MacCannell and Maurice D. van Arsdol, Jr. , ' The Ecology of the American City: Further Comparison and Validation of Generalizations ', American Sociological Review, 23 (August 1958), pp. 392-401]. Providence was included in each of these three ecological studies. See also James M. Beshers , Urban Social Structure (New York: Free Press , 1962), pp. 87-107.

Seven of the state's 187 census tracts have been omitted from the analysis because they contain sizeable numbers of college students in residence, military personnel, and institutionalised populations.

Cf. Otis Dudley Duncan and Beverly Duncan , 'Residential Distribution and Occupational Stratification', American Journal of Sociology , 60 (March 1955), pp. 493-503