A lecture delivered at the London School of Economics, 27th February 1964. Much is owed to conversations with colleagues, J. R. Kellett, R. H. Campbell and P. L. Payne, and to J. S. Keates in the preparation of maps. Grateful thanks are due to the Carnegie Trustees of the Universities of Scotland for financial support to the Glasgow Urban History Programme.
2.
2 For an example of the way in which historical and contemporary studies are related see Ruth Glass, ed., London: Aspects of Change, London, 1964.
3.
3 For an American sponsored symposium see Oscar Handlin and John Burchard, eds., The Historian and the City, Cambridge, Mass., 1963. In Britain an Urban History Newsletter, edited by H. J. Dyos, at the University of Leicester, has been started.
4.
Frederick Jackson Turner, 'The Significance of the Frontier in American History', 1893, as reprinted in his The Frontier in American History, New York, 1920. See also Eric E. Lampard, 'American Historians and the Study of Urbanisation', The American Historical Review , 1961.
5.
Asa Briggs, Victorian Cities, London, 1963 .
6.
6 See W.H. Chaloner, 'Writings on British Urban History, 1934-57', Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1958.
7.
Peter L. Payne , 'Business Archives and Economic History: the Case for Regional Studies', Archives, 1963 .
8.
For a geographer's view and methods see Emrys Jones, The City in Geography , London, 1962; Social Geography of Belfast, London, 1960. For a Leeds street see M.W. Beresford, Time and Place, Leeds, 1961 ; for an example of a map bibliography , Kenneth J.Bonser and Harold Nichols, Printed Maps and Plans of Leeds, 1711-1900, Leeds, The Thoresby Society, 1960.
9.
9 Briggs, op. cit, p. 262.
10.
Edgar M. Hoover, The Location of Economic Activity, New York, 1948.
11.
Shigeto Tsuri, 'The Economic Significance of Cities', in Handlin and Burchard, op. cit., p. 44 et seq.
12.
12 See J.R. Parkinson , 'Regional Development: Policies, Programmes or Plans', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 1964.
13.
T.J. Byres , The Scottish Economy during the Great Depression 1873-96, with special reference to the Heavy Industries of the South West , Glasgow , B.Litt. thesis, 1962, Chapter 7.
14.
Economists are trying to construct new methods for the study of civic or regional economies; these may well be relevant to historical studies. Attempts are being made to calculate regional multipliers for particular industries; that is to say the employment effect of introducing a firm of a given kind into a particular economic complex. Any attempt at 'pump priming' within the city or region must rest upon some such analysis; indeed the general vagueness about where and to what extent to make adjustments is frightening and ought to cause an acceleration of such studies. For discussion and bibliography, see John Meyer, 'Regional Economics: A Survey', American Economic Review , 1963.
15.
15 The yield of a close look at census data is demonstrated in R. Lawton, 'The Population of Liverpool in the Mid-Nineteenth Century', Trans. Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire for 1955, 1956.
16.
16 A graph prepared at the War Office in 1890 shows remarkably close correlation between recruiting figures and the conditions of civil employment, as suggested by the numbers receiving outdoor relief. Brian Bond, 'Recruiting the Victorian Army 1870-92', Victorian Studies, 1962, p. 333.
17.
17 See H.J. Dyos , Victorian Suburb; a study of the Growth of Camberwell , Leicester, 1961.
18.
18 John R. Kellett , 'Property Speculators and the Building of Glasgow, 17801830', Scottish Journal of Political Economy , Vol. VIII.
19.
19 For recent modern Glasgow see J. Cunnison and J.B.S. Gilfillan, The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Glasgow, 1958; T. Brennan , Reshaping a City, Glasgow , 1959.
20.
20 C.R. Fay , Round About Industrial Britain, 1830-1860 , Toronto, 1952, Chapter 7, The Clyde ; W.S. Cormack, Economic History of Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering, with special reference to the West of Scotland, Glasgow Ph.D., 1930.
21.
21 Cunnison and Gilfillan, op. cit., Part Four.
22.
22 J.F. Barclay , Arthur and Company Limited, Glasgow, 1953.
23.
23 For Liverpool see J.A. Patmore, 'The Railway Network of Merseyside ,' Trans. Institute of British Geographers, 1961 .
24.
24 James Hamilton Muir, Glasgow in 1901, Glasgow , 1901, p. 57; Charles A. Oakley, The Last Tram, Glasgow, 1962 .
25.
25 The Glasgow debate on the taxation of land values was the most vigorous in Britain. See Report and Special Report of Select Committee on Land Values Taxation etc. (Scotland) Bill, 1906.
26.
26 Muir, op. cit, p. 238.
27.
27 Report of the Glasgow Boundaries Commission, 1888.
