This paper undertakes a review of gentrification and global city research to develop an appreciation of the nature of gentrification taking place in central areas of Leeds in the UK. The literature review establishes an uneven and dominant set of social, economic and cultural relations between the city-region of London and the South East with other regions in the UK. It is proposed that these sets of relations will impact upon socio-spatial developments in regional cities in the UK and will provide the dynamics leading contemporary gentrification in regional financial centres. Using Leeds as a case study, quantitative and qualitative data are presented to develop an appreciation of the internal and external dynamics driving contemporary 'developer-led' gentrification in Leeds.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allen, J., Massey, D. and Cochrane, A. (1998) Rethinking the Region. London : Routledge.
2.
Atkinson, R. and Hall, J. (2002) Breathing life into dead cities? The costs and consequences of gentrification in declining metropolitan contexts. Paper presented to the 'Upward Neighbourhood Trajectories: Gentrification in a New Century' Conference, University of Glasgow.
3.
Begg, I. andGuY, T. (1992) Leeds: a regional success story, Yorkshire and Humberside Development Bulletin , 5.
4.
Bridge, G. (2001) Bourdieu, rational action and the time-space strategy of gentrification, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 26, pp. 205-216.
5.
Burgers, J. (1996) No polarisation in Dutch Cities ? Inequality in a corporatist country, Urban Studies, 33, pp. 99-105.
6.
Burt, S. and Grady, K. (1994) The Illustrated History of Leeds. Derby: Breedon Books.
7.
Butler, T. (1997) Gentrification and the middle-classes. Aldershot: Ashgate.
8.
Butler, T. and Hamnett, C. (1994) Gentrification, class and gender: some comments on Warde's 'Gentrification as consumption', Environment and Planning D, 12, pp. 477-493.
9.
Cameron, S. (1992) Housing, gentrification and urban regeneration policies, UrbanStudies, 29, pp. 3-14.
10.
Cameron, S. (2002) Gentrification, housing re-differentiation and urban regeneration: 'going for growth' in Newcastle upon Tyne. Paper presented to 'Upward Neighbourhood Trajectories: Gentrification in a New Century' Conference, University of Glasgow.
11.
Charles, D., Bradley, D., Chatterton, P. Etal. (1999) Core Cities: Key Centres for Regeneration . Newcastle upon Tyne: CURDS.
12.
Cohen, R.B. (1981) The new international division of labor, multinational corporations, and urban hierarchy, in: M. Dean and A. Scott (Eds) Urbanization and Urban Planning in a Capitalist Society, pp. 287-318. London : Methuen.
13.
Crouch, C. (1999) Housing development in the city centre, Planning Practice and Research, 14, pp. 69-86.
14.
Dutton, P. (1998) Gentrification in Leeds. Papers in Community Studies , Bradford BICC.
15.
Fielding, A. (1989) Inter-regional migration and social change: a study of South East of England based upon data from the Longitudinal Study, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 14, pp. 24-36.
16.
Griffiths, R. (1998) Making sameness: place marketing and the new urban entrepreneurial-ism, in: N. Oatley (Ed.) Cities, Economic Competition and Urban Policy, pp. 41-57. London : Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd.
17.
Hamnett, C. (1991) The blind men and the elephant: the explanation of gentrification, Transactions Institute of British Geographers , 16, pp. 173-189.
18.
Hamnett, C. and Randolph, B. (1984) The flat break-up market in centralLondon: a case study of residential area transformation, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 9, pp. 259-279.
19.
Hamnett, C. and Williams, P. (1980) Social change in London: a study of gentrification , Urban Affairs Quarterly, 15, pp. 469-487.
20.
Harvey, D. (1989) The Urban Experience. London : Blackwell.
21.
Haughton, G. (1996) Local leadership and economic regeneration in Leeds , in: G. Haughton and C. Williams (Eds) Corporate City? Partnership, Participation and Partition in Urban Development in Leeds, pp. 19-40. Aldershot : Ashgate.
22.
Haughton, G. and Williams, C. (Eds) Corporate City? Partnership, Participation and Partition in Urban Development in Leeds. Aldershot: Ashgate.
23.
Hill, D. (2000) Urban Policy and Politics in Britain. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
24.
Jackson, P. (1995) Manufacturing meaning: culture, capital and urban change, in: A. Rogers and S. Vertovec (Eds) The Urban Context: Ethnicity, Social Networks and Situational Analysis, pp. 165-188. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
25.
Jones, C. and Watkins, C. (1996) Urban regeneration and sustainable markets, UrbanStudies, 33, pp. 1129-1140.
26.
King, A. (1990) Global Cities. London: Routledge.
27.
Leeds EconomyHandbook (2002) LeedsCity Council.
28.
Lees, L. (2000) A reappraisal of gentrification: towards a 'geography of gentrification', Progress in Human Geography, 24, pp. 289-408.
29.
Ley, D. ( 1980) Liberal ideology and the postindustrial city, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70, pp. 238-254.
30.
Leyshon, A. and Thrift, N. (1989) South goes North? The rise of the British provincial financial centres, in: J. Lewis and A. Townsend (Eds) The North-South Divide, pp. 114-156. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd.
31.
Lyons, M. (1998) Neither chaos, nor stark simplicity: a comment on 'A New Look at Gentrification 1&2', Environment and Planning A, 31, pp. 367-370.
32.
Mills, C. (1988) 'Life on the upslope': the post-modern landscape of gentrification, Environment and Planning D, 6, pp. 169-189.
33.
Mills, C. (1993) Myths and meanings of gentrification, in: J. Duncan and D. Ley (Eds) Place Culture and Representation, pp. 149-170. London : Routledge.
34.
Munt, I. (1987) Economic restructuring, culture, and gentrification: a case study in Battersea, London, Environment and Planning A, 19, pp.1175-1197.
35.
Podmore, J. (1998) (Re) reading the 'loft living' habitus in Montreal's inner city, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 22(2), pp. 283-302.
36.
Roberts, P. and Whitney, D. (1993) The new partnership: inter-agency cooperation and urban policy in Leeds, in: R. Imrie and H. Thomas (Eds) British Urban Policy and the Urban Development Corporations, pp. 154-172. London : Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd.
37.
Robson, G. and Butler, T. (2001) Coming to terms with London: middle class communities in a global city, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24, pp. 70-86.
38.
Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.
39.
Sassen, S. (2000) Cities in a World Economy, 2nd edn. California: Pine Forge Press .
40.
Smith, N. (1986) Gentrification, the frontier, and the restructuring of urban space, in: N. Smith and P. William (Eds) Gentrification of the City , pp. 15-34. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin.
41.
Smith, N. and Williams, P. (1986) Alternatives to orthodoxy: invitation to debate , in: N. Smith and P. Williams (Eds) Gentrification and the City , pp. 1-14. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin.
42.
Tickell, A. ( 1993) The role of Leeds and the regional financial system , University of Leeds.
43.
Tickell, A. (1996) Taking the initiative: the Leeds financial centre , in: G. Haughton and C. Williams (Eds) Corporate City? Partnership, Participation and Partition in Urban Development in Leeds, pp. 103-118. Aldershot : Ashgate.
44.
Warde, A. (1991) Gentrification as consumption: issues of class and gender, Environment and Planning, 9, pp. 223-232.
45.
Williams, P. (1976) The role of institutions in the inner London housing market: the case of Islington, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1, pp. 72-82.
46.
Williams, P. (1984) Gentrification in Britain and Europe, in: J. Palen and B. London (Eds) Gentrification, Displacement and Neighbourhood Revitalization , pp. 205-234. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
47.
Williams, P. (1986) Class constitution through spatial reconstruction? A re-evaluation of gentrification in Australia, Britain, and the United States , in: N. Smith and P. Williams (Eds) Gentrification and the City , pp. 56-76. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin.
48.
Williams, P. and Smith, N. (1986) From 'renaissance' to restructuring: the dynamics of contemporary urban development, in: N. Smith and P. Williams (Eds) Gentrification and the City, pp. 204-224. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin.
49.
Wynne, D. and O'Connor, J. (1998) Consumption and the post-modern city, Urban Studies, 35, pp. 841-864.
50.
Zukin, S. ( 1982) Loft Living: Culture and Capital in Urban Change . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hop-kins University Press.
