With an evolutionary theory of technological change as a conceptual framework, the paper examines the economic geographies of manufacturing production within the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area (CMA) in comparison with two growth regions in Jutland. The paper examines the economic processes underlying the industrial development patterns and reveals that there are fundamental differences between the two growth regions in Jutland and the CMA but also that the economic processes within the CMA differ between three urban regions examined. These economic processes have had a significant influence on the regional patterns of technical change and the paper shows that, although there has been an economic convergence between the regions examined, the regions follow different paths or trajectories of technical change.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alchian, A.A. (1950) Uncertainty, evolution and economic theory, Journal of Political Economy, 58, pp. 201-221.
Antonsen, K. (1964) Placeringen af dansk indus-tri 1938-1960. København: Landsplabudvalgets Sekretariat .
4.
Braczyk, H.-J., Cooke, P. and Heidenreich, M. (Eds) ( 1998) Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governances in a Globalized World. London: UCL Press.
5.
Breum, J. (1991) Industriel fornyelse og industriens regionale udvikling . Rapport No. 60, Institut for Veje, Trafik og Byplan, Danmarks Tekniske Højskole, København
6.
Clarke, G.L. and Wrigley, N. (1995) Sunk cost: a framework for economic geography, Transaction ofthe Institute of British Geographers, 20, pp. 1-20.
7.
Commission Of The European Communities (1993 ) The Economic and Financial Situation in Denmark. European Economy, Reports and Studies No. 6, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs , Brussels.
8.
Cooke, P. (1998) Introduction: origins of concept, in: H-J. Braczyk, ET AL. (Eds) Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governances in a Globalized World, pp. 2-25. London : UCL Press.
9.
Danmarks Statistik (1995) 50-årsoversigten . København: Danmarks Statistik .
10.
Dosi, G. (1982) Technological paradigms and technological trajectories, ResearchPolicy, 11, pp.147-162.
11.
Dosi, G. and Nelson, R.R. (1994) An introduction to evolutionary theories in economics , Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 4, pp. 152-172.
12.
Dunson, M. and Hudson, R. (1996) Successful European regions: Northern Ireland learning from others. Research Monograph 3, Northern Ireland Economic Council, Belfast.
13.
Essletzbichler, J. and Winther, L. (1999) Regional technological change and path-dependency in the Danish food processing industry, Geografiska Annaler , 81B, pp. 179-196.
14.
Gertler, M. (1993) Implementing advanced manufacturing technologies in mature industrial regions: towards a social model of technology production , Regional Studies, 27, pp. 665-680.
15.
Gjerding, A.N., Johnson, B., Kallehaugh, L. ET Al. (1990) Den forsvundne produktivitet: Industriel udvikling i firsernes Danmark. Charlottenlund: Jurist- og konomforbundets Forlag.
16.
Hansen, S. (1970) Early Industrialisation in Denmark. København: Møller & Landschultz A/S Bogtrykkeri .
17.
Harvey, D. (1982) The Limits to Capital. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
18.
Hodgson, G. (1993) Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back into Economics. Oxford: Polity Press .
19.
Hyldtoft, O. (1984) Københavns industrialisering 1840-1914. København: Forlaget Systime.
20.
Illeris, S. (1965) Spredning af befolkning, erhverv og byggeri 1955-64 , Byplan, 17, pp. 141-160.
21.
Jakobsen, L. (1993) Start-up of new high-tech firms and the role of the regional industrial environment-the case of Denmark, in: A. Lorentzen ET Al. (Eds) Teknologiudvikling og regional forandring, pp. 65-80. København : AKF Forlaget.
22.
Jensen, R.H. (1967) Spredes industrien i Danmark ? Den danske industris geografiske fordeling 1961-1964, Geografisk Tidsskrift, 66, pp. 52-60.
23.
Jensen, R.H. (1971) Changes in the Geographical Distribution of Danish Industry, Geografisk Tidsskrift, 70, pp. 41-58.
24.
Jensen-Butler, C. (1992) Rural Industrialisation in Denmark and the Role of Public Policy, UrbanStudies, 29, pp. 881-904.
25.
Jensen-Butler, C., Shachar, A. and Weesep, J. Van (Eds) (1996) European Cities in Competition. Aldershot: Avebury.
Keeble, D., Owens, P.L. and Thomson, C. (1983) The urban-rural manufacturing shift in the European Community, UrbanStudies, 20, pp.405-418.
28.
Kristensen, P.H. (1992) Industrial districts in West Jutland, Denmark, in: F. Pyke and W. S. Berger (Eds) Industrial Districts and Local Economic Regeneration, pp. 122-171. Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies.
29.
Lundvall, B.-A. (1988) Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation, in: G. Dosi ET Al. (Eds) Technical Change andEconomic Theory, pp. 349-369. London : Pinters Publishers.
30.
Mandag Morgen Strategisk Forum (1999) Medicon Valley 2009: Et fremtidsscenario for Europas førende medico-/sundhedsregion . København: Mandag Morgen Strategisk Forum.
31.
Maskell, P. (1984) Industriens omlokalisering 1972-1982: dens omfang, årsager og erhvervsstrukturelle konsekvenser, in: S. Illeris and P.O. Pedersen (Eds) Industrienkoncentration eller spredning, pp. 22-49. København : AKF Forlaget.
32.
Maskell, P. (1986) Industriens flugt fra storbyen. Årsager og konsekvenser . København: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck.
33.
McKelvey, M. (1994) Evolutionary Evolution: Early Industrial Uses of Genetic Engineering. Motola: Kanaltruckeriet i Motala AB.
34.
Nelson, R.R. (1995) Recent evolutionary theorizing about economic, change, Journal of Economic Literature, 23, pp. 48-90.
35.
Nelson, R.R. and Winter, S.G. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
36.
Oakey, R.P. and O'Farrell, P.N. (1992) The regional extent of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine toll adoption and post adoption success in small british mechanical engineering firms, Regional Studies, 26, pp. 163-175.
37.
O'Farrell, P.N. and Oakey, R.P. (1992) Regional variations in the adoption of computer-numerically-controlled machine tools by small engineering firms: a multivariate analysis, Environment and Planning A, 24, pp. 887-902.
38.
Rigby, D.L. (1991) Technical change and profits in Canadian manufacturing: a regional analysis, The Canadian Geographer, 35, pp. 353-366.
39.
Rigby, D.L. and Essletzbichler, J. (1997) Evolution, process variety and regional trajectories of technological change in US manufacturing, Economic Geography , 73, pp. 269-284.
40.
Saviotti, P.P. (1996) Technological Evolution, Variety and the Economy . Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
41.
Saviotti, P. P. and Metcalfe, J. S. (Eds) (1991) Evolutionary Theories of Economic and Technological Change. Reading: Harwood Academic Publishers.
42.
Saxenian, A. (1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route128. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
43.
Scott, A.J. (1988) Metropolis. From the Division of Labor to Urban Form. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
44.
Sheppard, E. and Barnes, T. (1990) The Capitalist Space Economy: Geographical Analysis after Ricardo, Marx and Sraffa. London: Unwin.
45.
Simon, H.A. (1957) Models of Man. New York: Wiley.
46.
Storper, M. (1995) The resurgence of regional economics, ten years later: the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies, European Urban and Regional Studies, 2, pp. 191-221.
47.
Storper, M. (1997) The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy. New York: The Guilford Press.
48.
Storper, M. and Walker, R. (1989) The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology and Industrial Growth. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
49.
Veblen, T. (1898) Why is economics not an evolutionary science, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 12, pp. 373-379.
50.
Webber, M. and Rigby, D.L. (1996) The Golden Age Illusion: Rethinking Postwar Capitalism . New York: The Guilford Press .
51.
Winther, L. (1995) Et regionalt kapitalapparat. En estimering af et dansk kapitalapparat i 17 regioner og 21 erhverv 1979-1993 . Kulturgeografiske Arbejdspapirer, Geografisk Institut, Københavns Universitet.
52.
Winther, L. (1996) Regional productivity and technological change in 1980s: the manufacturing sector in Denmark, Danish Journal of Geography, 96, pp. 70-80.
53.
Winther, L. (1997) Regional teknisk forandring og stiqfhængigudvikling. Dansk industris regional udvikling 1980-1994. Unpublished PhD thesis, Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen.
54.
Winther, L. (1999) Regional teknisk forandring og stiafhængig udvikling: Eksemplificeret ved jern- og metalindustrien i Danmark, Nordisk Samhällsgeografisk Tidskrift, 28, pp. 79-94.
55.
Winther, L. (2000) Regional competitive advantages in a globalizing economy: evolution, knowledge flows and environmental regulation in the Danish coating, varnish and ink industry. Unpublished manuscript, University of Copenhagen .
