This work reports the effect of micro strain of soft magnetic materials obtained by low-energy ball milling. It has been observed that the low energy of the ball milling changes the magnetic domain size, increasing magnetisation, remanence and magnetic permeability of the milled powders as ferromagnetic particles. It is due to the increase of linear defects and the increase of lattice strain. The magnetisation MS increases up to 70% by the accumulation of crystalline defects, although MS decreases with the reduction of particle size, due to the connections of voids between the lines of magnetisation across the crystalline defects obtained by milling. This response is produced by the cold working through the ball milling.
FishGE.Soft magnetic materials. Proc IEEE. Jun. 1990;78(6):947–972. doi:10.1109/5.56909.
2.
ShokrollahiH, JanghorbanK.Soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs). J Mater Process Technol. 2007;189(1–3):1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.034.
3.
SilveyraJM, FerraraE, HuberDL, . Soft magnetic materials for a sustainable and electrified world. Science (80-). Oct. 2018;362(6413). doi:10.1126/science.aao0195.
4.
SundayKJ, TaheriML.Soft magnetic composites: recent advancements in the technology. Met Powder Rep. 2017;72(6):425–429. doi:10.1016/j.mprp.2016.08.003.
5.
GollD, . Additive manufacturing of soft magnetic materials and components. Addit Manuf. May 2019;27(March):428–439. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.02.021.
6.
DubininON, . Gradient soft magnetic materials produced by additive manufacturing from non-magnetic powders. J Mater Process Technol. Feb. 2022;300:117393. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117393.
7.
GuoYG, ZhuJG, LinZW, . 3D vector magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite material. J Magn Magn Mater. 2006;302(2):511–516. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.019.
8.
NeamţuBV, MarincaTF, ChicinaşI, . Structural, magnetic and thermal characterization of amorphous FINEMET powders prepared by wet mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd. 2015;626:49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.158.
9.
NeamţuBV, ChicinaşHF, MarincaTF, . Preparation and characterisation of Co–Fe–Ni–M–Si–B (M = Zr, Ti) amorphous powders by wet mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd. 2016;673:80–85. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.233.
10.
RaanaeiH, EskandariH, Mohammad-HosseiniV.Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe–Co–Ni alloy processed by mechanical alloying. J Magn Magn Mater. 2016;398:190–195. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.09.031.
11.
LuW, . Low-energy mechanically milled tau-phase MnAl alloys with high coercivity and magnetization. J Alloys Compd. 2016;675:163–167. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.098.
12.
AkramovDF, . Effect of milling on the magnetic properties of the Fe7S8 and Fe7Se8 compounds. Phys Met Metallogr. Mar. 2022;123(3):282–289. doi:10.1134/S0031918X22030024.
13.
LatherS, . Effect of mechanical milling on magnetic, dielectric and magneto-electric properties of Z- type (Ba, Sr) hexaferrites. J Alloys Compd. May 2022;902:163807. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.163807.
ThankachanRM, . Enhanced lithium storage in ZnFe2O4-C nanocomposite produced by a low-energy ball milling. J Power Sources. 2015;282:462–470. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.039.
16.
GheisariK, JavadpourS, OhJT, . The effect of milling speed on the structural properties of mechanically alloyed Fe–45%Ni powders. J Alloys Compd. 2009;472(1–2):416–420. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.04.074.
17.
Razavi-TousiSS, SzpunarJA.Effect of ball size on steady state of aluminum powder and efficiency of impacts during milling. Powder Technol. 2015;284:149–158. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.035.
18.
GrabiasA, KopcewiczM, OleszakD.Phase transformations in the Fe(Co,Ni)ZrB alloys induced by ball milling. J Alloys Compd. 2002;339(1–2):221–229. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01999-5.
19.
MoralesR, SeetharamanS, AgarwalaV.Mechanical and structural characterization of uniaxially cold-pressed Fe2Mo powders. J Mater Res. Aug. 2002;17(8):1954–1959. doi:10.1557/JMR.2002.0289.
20.
RaghavendraKG, . Synthesis and characterization of Fe–15 wt.% ZrO2 nanocomposite powders by mechanical milling. Powder Technol. 2016;287:190–200. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.10.003.
21.
BroseghiniM, GelisioL, D'IncauM, . Modeling of the planetary ball-milling process: the case study of ceramic powders. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2016;36(9):2205–2212. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.09.032.
22.
BurmeisterC, TitscherL, Breitung-FaesS, . Dry grinding in planetary ball mills: evaluation of a stressing model. Adv Powder Technol. 2018;29(1):191–201. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2017.11.001.
