Differences in the presence of Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms in first admission schizophrenic patients were examined in five subcultural groupings treated in the same facilities. Examination of the case notes of 212 patients revealed that first rank symptoms were most prevalent in the UK immigrant group and least frequently present in the Greek immigrant group. First rank symptoms were more prevalent in patients admitted recently, admitted voluntarily, and amongst those who had at least some command of English.
References
1.
CarpenterWStraussJMulehS.Are there pathognomonic symptoms in schizophrenia?Archives of General Psychiatry1973; 28:847–852.
2.
WingJNixonJ.Discriminatory symptoms in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry1975; 32:853–859.
3.
KoehlerK.First-rank symptoms in schizophrenia: questions concerning clinical boundaries. British Journal of Psychiatry1979; 134:236–48.
4.
RossCMillerSReagorPBjornsonLFraserGAndersonG.Schneiderian symptoms in multiple personality disorder of schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry1990; 31:11–118.
5.
World Health Organisation.Schizophrenia. An international follow-up study. Chichester: Wiley, 1979.
6.
CarpenterWStraussJ.Cross-cultural evaluation of Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia: a report from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry1974; 131:682–687.
7.
MellorCS.First-Rank symptoms of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry1970; 117:15–23.
8.
NdeteiDVadherA.A cross-cultural study of the frequencies of Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica1984; 70:540–544.
9.
ChandrasenaR.Schneider's First Rank symptoms: an international and interethnic comparative study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica1987; 76:574–578.
10.
ZarroukE.The usefulness of first-rank symptoms in the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a Saudi-Arabian population. British Journal of Psychiatry1978; 132:571–575.
11.
RadhakrishnanJMathewKRichardJ.Schneider's first-rank symptoms: prevalence, diagnostic use, and prognostic implications. British Journal of Psychiatry1983; 142:537–559.
12.
PelaO.Cultural relativity of first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry1982; 28:91–95.
13.
MalikSAhmedMBashirAChoudhryT.Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia: prevalence and diagnostic use. British Journal of Psychiatry1990; 156:109–111.
14.
SartoriusNJablenskyAKortenAErnbergMACooperJEDayR.Early manifestations and first-conduct incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychological Medicine1986; 16:909–928.
15.
NdeteiDSinghA.Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia in Kenyan patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica1983; 67:148–153.
16.
ChopraNDGunterM.Diagnostic value of Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia. Correspondence in British Journal of Psychiatry1987; 150:132.
17.
NdeteiDVadherA.A comparative crosscultural study of the frequencies of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica1984; 70:545–549.
18.
AndreasenN.Negative vs positive schizophrenia. Definition and validation. Archives of General Psychiatry1982; 39: 789–794.
19.
AndreasenN.Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry1982; 39:781–788.
20.
LeffJ.Culture and the differentiation of emotional states. British Journal of Psychiatry1973; 125:336–340.
21.
MoriceR.Psychiatric diagnosis in a transcultural setting, the importance of lexical categories. British Journal of Psychiatry1978; 132:87–95.
22.
WingJCooperJESartoriusN.The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.
