Temporal Integration of Alternately Exposed Monocular Images of a Random-Dot Stereogram

Abstract

J R Ewald and O Gross (1906 Pflügers Archiv CXV 514 – 521) reported that monocular half-images presented alternately can be fused to a stereoscopic percept. The situation is like looking through a fence close to the eyes, with picket and gap widths being identical to the interpupillary distance. Though vision is monocular, an observer moving fast enough parallel to the fence will have stereoscopic vision of the scenery behind it. Little is known about the limits of this integrating mechanism.

In two experiments, LCD shutter glasses were used to control the viewing conditions of the anaglyphs of a random-dot stereogram. Binocular fusion was supported by a visible binocular fixation mark and a frame around the display. Subjects were eight male and three female students with normal stereoscopic acuity. They were instructed to press a key as long as they could perceive a global figure portrayed in the stereogram (25 min arc disparity). In experiment 1, monocular exposures to the right and the left eye followed each other without pauses. Psychophysical procedures were used to determine the frequency threshold for stereopsis. A breakdown frequency of 2.5 Hz was found, for descending as well as ascending series. Transferred to the concrete example of a fence, the result corresponds to a pace of 0.32 m s⁻¹, with an interocular distance and a fence measure of 63 mm. In experiment 2, alternating monocular exposures of 100 ms duration were separated by variable pauses. Stereopsis disappeared with 8 ms pauses (ascending), and 17 ms pauses (descending). Results may be attributed to integrating mechanisms of binocular cortical cells, rather than to retinal processes (afterimages).