Esref is a congenitally totally blind man, practiced in drawing. He was asked to draw solid and wire cubes situated in several places around his vantage point. He used foreshortening of receding sides and convergence of obliques, in approximate one-point perspective. We note that haptics provides information about the direction of objects—the basis of perspective.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArnheimR, 1990“Perceptual aspects of art for the blind”Journal of Aesthetic Education2457–65
2.
CabeP AWrightC DWrightM A, 2003“Descartes' blind man revisited: Bimanual triangulation of distance using static hand-held rods”American Journal of Psychology11671–98
3.
FreemanN H, 1986“How should a cube be drawn?”British Journal of Developmental Psychology4317–322
4.
GolombC, 2002Child Art in Context: A Cultural and Comparative Perspective (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association)
5.
HellerM ABrackettD EScroggsESteffenHHeatherlyKSalikS, 2002“Tangible pictures: Viewpoint effects and linear perspective in visually impaired people”Perception31747–769
6.
HolmesEHughesBJanssonG, 1998“Haptic perception of texture gradients”Perception27993–1008
7.
KappersA M LKoenderinkJ J, 2002“Continuum of haptic space”, in Unfolding Perceptual Continua Ed. AlbertazziL, (Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins) pp 29–79
8.
KennedyJ M, 2003“Drawings from Gaia, a blind girl”Perception32321–340
9.
KennedyJ MJuricevicI, 2002“Foreshortening gives way to forelengthening”Perception31893–894
10.
KennedyJ MJuricevicI, 2003“Haptics and projection: Drawings by Tracy, a blind adult”Perception321059–1071
11.
KennedyJ MMerkasC E, 2000“Depictions of motion devised by a blind person”Psychonomic Bulletin and Review7700–706
12.
MilbrathC, 1998Patterns of Artistic Development in Children: Comparative Studies of Talent (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
13.
MillarS, 1994Understanding and Representing Space (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
14.
NichollsAKennedyJ M, 1992“Drawing development: From similarity of features to direction”Child Development63227–241
15.
Pascual-LeoneA, 2005“Learning about seeing from a congenitally blind painter” Art beyond sight: Multimodal Approaches to Learning Conference, Metropolitan Museum and Museum of Modern Art, New York, 14–15 October 2005
16.
WillatsJ, 1997Art and Representation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)