Previous research found that adding stereoscopic information to radially expanding optic flow decreased vection onsets and increased vection durations (Palmisano, 1996 Perception & Psychophysics58 1168–1176). In the current experiments, stereoscopic cues were also found to increase perceptions of vection speed and self-displacement during vection in depth—but only when these cues were consistent with monocularly available information about self-motion. Stereoscopic information did not appear to be improving vection by increasing the perceived maximum extent of displays or by making displays appear more three-dimensional. Rather, it appeared that consistent patterns of stereoscopic optic flow provided extra, purely binocular information about vection speed, which resulted in faster/more compelling illusions of self-motion in depth.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AndersenG JBraunsteinM L, 1985“Induced self-motion in central vision”Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance11122–132
2.
van den BergV ABrennerE, 1994“Why two eyes are better than one for judgments of heading”Nature371700–702
3.
BeverleyK IReganD, 1973“Evidence for the existence of neural mechanisms selectively sensitive to the direction of movement in space”Journal of Physiology23517–29
4.
BeverleyK IReganD, 1975“The relation between discrimination and sensitivity in the perception of motion in depth”Journal of Physiology249387–398
5.
BrandtTDichgansJKoenigE, 1973“Differential effects of central versus peripheral vision on egocentric and exocentric motion perception”Experimental Brain Research16476–491
6.
BrooksKMatherG, 2000“Perceived speed of motion in depth is reduced in the periphery”Vision Research403507–3516
7.
DentonG G, 1980“The influence of visual pattern on perceived speed”Perception9393–402
8.
EhrlichS MBeckD MCrowellJ AFreemanT C ABanksM S, 1998“Depth information and perceived self-motion during simulated gaze rotations”Vision Research383129–3145
9.
FoleyJ M, 1985“Binocular distance perception: Egocentric distance tasks”Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance11133–149
10.
FoleyJ MRichardsW, 1972“Effects of voluntary eye movement and convergence on the binocular appreciation of depth”Perception & Psychophysics11423–427
11.
GibsonJ J, 1950The Perception of the Visual World (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin)
GibsonJ JOlumPRosenblattF, 1955“Parallax and perspective during aircraft landings”American Journal of Psychology68372–385
14.
GogelW C, 1977“An indirect measure of perceived distance from oculomotor cues”Perception & Psychophysics213–11
15.
GogelW CSturmR D, 1972“A comparison of accommodative and fusional convergence as cues to distance”Psychonomic Society11166–168
16.
GordonD A, 1965“Static and dynamic visual fields in human space perception”Journal of the Optical Society of America551296–1303
17.
GrayRReganD, 1998“Accuracy of estimating time to collision using binocular and monocular information”Vision Research38499–512
18.
GrigoALappeM, 1998“Interaction of stereo vision and optic flow processing revealed by an illusory stimulus”Vision Research38281–290
19.
HarrisJ MWatamaniukS N, 1995“Speed discrimination of motion in depth using binocular cues”Vision Research35885–896
20.
HebbardF W, 1962“Comparison of subjective and objective measurements of fixation disparity”Journal of the Optical Society of America52706–712
21.
HeegerD JJepsonA, 1990“Visual perception of three-dimensional motion”Neural Computation2129–137
22.
KoenderinkJ J, 1990“Some theoretical aspects of optic flow”, in The Perception and Control of Self-motion Eds WarrenRWertheimA H (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) pp 53–68
23.
KoenderinkJ Jvan DoornA J, 1981“Exterospecific component of the motion parallax field”Journal of the Optical Society of America71953–957
24.
KoenderinkJ Jvan DoornA J, 1987“Facts on optic flow”Biological Cybernetics56247–254
25.
LarishJ FFlachJ M, 1990“Sources of optical information useful for perception of speed of rectilinear self-motion”Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance16295–302
26.
Longuet-HigginsH CPrazdnyK, 1980“The interpretation of a moving retinal image”Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B208385–397
27.
MitchellA MEllerbrockV J, 1955“Fixational disparity and the maintenance of fusion in the horizontal meridian”American Journal of Optometry32520–534
28.
MonenJBrennerE, 1994“Detecting changes in one's own velocity from the optic flow”Perception23681–690
29.
NakayamaKLoomisJ M, 1974“Optical velocity patterns, velocity-sensitive neurons, and space perception: A hypothesis”Perception363–80
30.
OhmiMHowardI P, 1988“Effect of stationary objects on illusory forward self-motion induced by a looming display”Perception175–12
31.
OwenD HWarrenR, 1987“Perception and control of self-motion: Implications for visual simulation of vehicular locomotion”, in Ergonomics and Human Factors: Recent Research Eds MarkL SWarmJ SHustonR L (New York: Springer) pp 40–70
32.
OwenD HWarrenRJensenR SMangoldS JHettingerL J, 1981“Optical information for detecting loss in one's own forward speed”Acta Psychologica48203–213
33.
PalmisanoS, 1996“Perceiving self-motion in depth: The role of stereoscopic motion and changing-size cues”Perception & Psychophysics581168–1176
34.
Portfors-YeomansC VReganD, 1996“Cyclopean discrimination thresholds for the direction and speed of motion in depth”Vision Research363265–3279
35.
Portfors-YeomansC VReganD, 1997“Discrimination of the direction and speed of motion in depth of a monocularly-visible target from binocular information alone”Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance23227–243
36.
ReganD, 1993“Binocular correlates of the direction of motion in depth”Vision Research332359–2360
37.
ReganDBeverleyK I, 1982“How do we avoid confounding the direction we are looking and the direction we are moving?”Science215194–196
38.
ReganDBeverleyK ICynaderM, 1979“The visual perception of motion in depth”Scientific American241(1) 136–151
39.
RichardsWMillerJ F, 1969“Convergence as a cue to depth”Perception & Psychophysics5317–320
40.
RoyJ PKomatsuHWurtzR H, 1992“Disparity selectivity of neurons in monkey extrastriate area MST”Journal of Neuroscience122478–2492
41.
RoyJ PWurtzR H, 1990“The role of disparity selective cortical neurons in signalling the direction of self-motion”Nature348160–162
42.
StevensS S, 1957“On the psychophysical law”Psychological Review64153–181
43.
TelfordLFrostB J, 1993“Factors affecting the onset and magnitude of linear vection”Perception & Psychophysics53682–692
44.
TelfordLSpratleyJFrostB J, 1992“Linear vection in the central visual field facilitated by kinetic depth cues”Perception21337–349
45.
WallachHZuckermanC, 1963“The constancy of stereoscopic depth”American Journal of Psychology76404–412
46.
WarrenR, 1990“Preliminary questions for the study of egomotion”, in The Perception and Control of Self-motion Eds WarrenRWertheimA H (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) pp 3–32
47.
ZieglerL RRoyJ P, 1998“Large scale stereopsis and optic flow: Depth enhanced by speed and opponent-motion”Vision Research381199–1209
