A comparison of the painting Descent from the Cross by Rubens with the earlier oil sketch reveals that Rubens discovered the Poggendorff illusion.
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References
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BialostockiJ, 1964“The ‘Descent from the Cross’ in works by Peter Paul Rubens and his studio”Art Bulletin46511–524
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BoringE G, 1942Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts)
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