The hypotheses tested were that, with rotating patterns, the veridical perception of (a) the direction of movement, and (b) its three-dimensionality, depends on the number of linear components in the pattern itself. Experiment 1 analyzed the answers obtained with discs, triangles, and squares. Contrary to expectation the discs, although lacking in linear components, evoked a maximum of three-dimensional percepts; the hypothesis concerning the direction of movement was, on the contrary, confirmed. Experiment 2 substantiated this result by rotating discs marked with two or four lines, and with different intervals between them. Experiment 3 was on the shape constancy exhibited by a stationary disc, triangle, and square. The disc, which in experiment 1 showed the highest ‘constancy’ was now, in this new condition, the lowest of the three in the results.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AmesA., 1951, “Visual perception and the rotating trapezoidal window”, Psychological Monographs, 65, number 324.
2.
BeckJ.GibsonJ. J., 1955, “The relation of apparent shape to apparent slant in the perception of objects”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 125–133.
3.
BoringE. G., 1942, Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York).
4.
BraunsteinM. L.PayneJ. W., 1968, “Slant perception in rotated grid patterns”, Proceedings, 76th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 93–94.
5.
ClarkW. C.SmithA. H.RabeA., 1956, “Retinal gradients of outline distortion and binocular disparity as stimuli for slant”, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 10, 77–81.
6.
EpsteinW.BontragerH.ParkJ., 1962, “The induction of nonveridical slant and the perception of shape”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 472–479.
FarnèM., 1973, La percezione dello Spazio Visivo (Cappelli, Bologna, Italy).
9.
HaysW. L., 1966, Statistics for Psychologists (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York).
10.
HershbergerW. A.UrbanD., 1970, “Depth perception from motion parallax in one-dimensional polar projections: Projection versus viewing distance”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 133–136.
11.
HochbergJ., 1971, “Perception: II. Space and movement”, in Woodworth and Schlosberg's Experimental Psychology, Eds KlingJ. W.RiggsL. A. (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York), 475–550.
12.
JanssonG.BörjessonE., 1969, “Perceived direction of rotary motion”, Perception and Psychophysics, 6, 19–26.
13.
JohanssonG., 1964, “Perception of motion and changing form”, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 5, 181–208.
14.
JohanssonG., 1971, personal cummunication.
15.
LiJ. C. R., 1966, Statistical Inference (Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Mich.).
16.
LichteW. H.BorresenC. R., 1967, “Influence of instructions on degree of shape constancy”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 538–542.
17.
MetzgerW., 1959, “Was ist wirklich neu in der Theorie des räumlichen Sehens?”, Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Psychology (North-Holland, Amsterdam), 59–64.
18.
MulhollandT. B., 1956, “Motion perceived while viewing rotating stimulus-objects”, American Journal of Psychology, 69, 96–99.
19.
MurchG. M., 1970, “The perception of rotary motion”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 83–85.
20.
MyersJ. L., 1967, Fundamentals of Experimental Design (Allyn and Bacon, Boston).
21.
PowerR. P., 1967, “Stimulus properties which reduce apparent reversal of rotating rectangular shapes”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73, 595–599.
22.
PowerR. P.DayR. H., 1973, “Constancy and illusion of apparent direction of rotary motion in depth: Tests of theory”, Perception and Psychophysics, 13, 217–223.
23.
TampieriG., 1968, “Sulle condizioni del movimento stereocinetico”, in Ricerche Sperimentali sulla Percezione, Eds. KanizsaG.VicarioG. (Università degli Studi, Trieste, Italy), 197–217.
24.
ThoulessR. H., 1931, “Phenomenal regression to the real object”, British Journal of Psychology, 21, 339–359.
25.
WallachH.O'ConnellD. N., 1953, “The kinetic depth effect”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45, 205–217.
26.
WinnickW. A.RosenR. E., 1966, “Shape—slant relations under reduction conditions”, Perception and Psychophysics, 1, 157–160.
27.
ZegersR. T., 1965, “The reversal illusion of the Ames trapezoid”, Transactions of the New York Academy of Science, 26, 377–400.
28.
ZusneL., 1970, Visual Perception of Form (Academic Press, New York).
