Recent advances in nonrepresentational theory (NRT) encourage us to think of landscape as something which is actualised by, in, and through the performativities and affectivities of seeing. While NRT certainly moves us from a static to a more dynamic account of landscape, and along the way introduces an innovative, theoretical vocabulary for talking about and experiencing landscape, it may inhibit more than (or as much as) it facilitates understanding. In this paper, NRT's contribution to the geographical canon will be critically interrogated; in particular, NRT's focus on performance, and its preference for practices and materiality over imagery and the symbolic, will be questioned. This provides the important groundwork for considering the broader utility of NRT, most especially its resonance with the concerns of cultural criminology and its burgeoning interest in ‘criminologies of space’. Using the phenomenon of stalking as an exemplar of a performative practice in late modernity, the paper sets out an understanding of landscape as an intersection of representations, discourses, sensibilities, and material practices. In this way it offers a synthesising, hybridised account of landscape which draws on Foster's notion of choreography to better capture the interrelationalities of the performativity of lived experience(s) and the structuring relations of sociocultural norms, values, and relations of power. Making use of a number of data sources, which include interview material, Hollywood films, and online discussion boards, the paper examines stalking as a choreographic and choreographed process which, amongst other things, engenders a world of imaginary and transgressive landscapes.
AitkenS CZonnL E (Eds), 1994Place, Power, Situation and Spectacle: A Geography of Film (Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD).
2.
AlvelosH, 2004, “The desert of imagination in the city of signs: Cultural implications of sponsored transgression and branded graffiti”, in Cultural Criminology Unleashed Eds FerrellJHaywardKPresdeeMMorrisonW (Glasshouse Press, London) pp 181–191.
3.
AsenR, 2000, “Seeking the ‘counter’, in counterpublics”Communication Theory10424–446.
4.
AshendenS, 2002, “Policing perversion: The contemporary governance of paedophilia”Cultural Values6(1/2) 197–222.
5.
BakhtinM, 1993Toward a Philosophy of the Act Ed. LiapunovVHolquistM, translated by LiapunovV (University of Texas Press, Austin, TX).
6.
BarnettC, 2008, “Political affects in public space: Normative blind-spots in non-representational ontologies”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series33186–200.
7.
BaudrillardJ, 1998The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures (Sage, London).
BuddTMattinsonJ, 2000The Extent and Nature of Stalking: Findings from the 1998 British Crime SurveyHome Office Research Study 210, Home Office, London.
10.
CampbellE, 2009, “Reading/writing autopsy: A Dirty theory of the science of death”Science as Culture18313–331.
11.
CampbellE, 2010, “The future(s) of risk: Barthes and Baudrillard go to Hollywood”Crime, Media, Culture67–26.
12.
CampbellE, 2011, “The cultural politics of justice: Bakhtin, stand-up comedy and post-9/11 securitisation”Theoretical Criminology15159–177.
13.
CarterSMcCormackD, 2006, “Film, geopolitics and the affective logics of intervention”Political Geography25228–245.
14.
CarterSMcCormackD, 2010, “Affectivity and geopolitical images”, in Observant States: Geopolitics and Visual Culture Eds McDonaldFDoddsKHughesR (I B Taurus, London) pp 103–122.
15.
CastreeNMacMillanT, 2004, “Old news: Representation and academic novelty”Environment and Planning A36469–480.
16.
ChattertonPHollandsR, 2003Urban Nightscapes: Youth Cultures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power (Routledge, London).
17.
ClarkD (Ed.), 1997The Cinematic City (Routledge, London).
18.
ClokePJonesO, 2001, “Dwelling, place, and landscape: An orchard in Somerset”Environment and Planning A33649–666.
19.
ComolliJ-LNarboniJ, 1993, “Cinema/ideology/criticism”, in Contemporary Film Theory Ed. EasthopeA, translated by BennettS (Longman, London) pp 45–52.
20.
CoxLSpezialeB, 2009, “Survivors of stalking: Their voices and lived experiences”Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work245–18.
21.
CrouchD, 2003, “Spacing, performing, and becoming: Tangles in the mundane”Environment and Planning A351945–1960.
22.
DiamondE, 1996, “Introduction”, in Performance and Cultural Politics Ed. DiamondE (Routledge, New York) pp 1–12.
23.
DittmerJ, 2011, “American exceptionalism, visual effects, and the post-9/11 cinematic superhero boom”Environment and Planning D: Society and Space29114–130.
24.
DoddsK, 2008, “‘Have you seen any good films lately?’ Geopolitics, international relations and film”Geography Compass2476–494.
25.
DriverFGilbertD, 1998, “Heart of empire? Landscape, space and performance in imperial London”Environment and Planning D: Society and Space1611–28.
HinchliffeS, 2003, “Inhabiting—landscapes and nature”, in Handbook of Cultural Geography Eds AndersonKDomoshMPileSThriftN (Sage, London) pp 207–227.
36.
HitchingsR, 2003, “People, plants and performance: On actor network theory and the material pleasures of the private garden”Social and Cultural Geography499–113.
37.
HollowayJ, 2002, “Smallholding, hobby-farming and commercial farming: Ethical identities and the production of farming spaces”Environment and Planning A342055–2070.
38.
JamesonF, 1992The Geopolitical Aesthetic: Cinema and Space in the World System (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN).
39.
KinkadePBurnsRFuentesA I, 2005, “Criminalizing attractions: Perceptions of stalking and the stalker”Crime & Delinquency513–25.
40.
LaurierEMazeRLundinJ, 2006, “Putting the dog back in the park: Animals and human mind-in-action”Mind, Culture and Activity132–24.
41.
LeeM, 2001, “The genesis of ‘fear of crime’”Theoretical Criminology5467–485.
42.
LoganT KShannonLColeJSwanbergJ, 2007, “Partner stalking and implications for women's employment”Journal of Interpersonal Violence22268–291.
43.
LorimerH, 2005, “Cultural geography: The busyness of being ‘more-than-representational’”Progress in Human Geography2983–94.
44.
LorimerH, 2007, “Cultural geography: Worldly shapes, differently arranged”Progress in Human Geography3189–100.
45.
LorimerH, 2008, “Cultural geography: Non-representational conditions and concerns”Progress in Human Geography32551–559.
46.
LuryKMasseyD, 1999, “Making connections”, special issue on Space, Place, City and Film Screen40229–238.
47.
MacCabeC (Ed.), 1986High Theory/Low Culture: Analysing Popular Television and Film(St Martin's Press, New York).
48.
McCormackD, 2003, “An event of geographical ethics in spaces of affect”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series28488–507.
49.
MalschM, 2009, “Stalking: Do criminalization and punishment help?”Punishment and Society9201–209.
50.
MatraversA (Ed.), 2003Sex Offenders in the Community: Managing and Reducing the Risks (Willan, Cullompton, Devon).
51.
MeštrovićS G, 1999Postemotional Society (Sage, London).
52.
NashC, 2000, “Performativity in practice: Some recent work in cultural geography”Progress in Human Geography24653–664.
53.
OguraT, 2006, “Electronic government and surveillance-oriented society”, in Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond Ed. LyonD (Willan, Cullompton, Devon) pp 270–295.
54.
PainR, 1997, “Social geographies of women's fear of crime”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series22231–244.
55.
PartonN, 1991Governing the Family (Macmillan, London).
56.
PeckhamR S, 2007, “Landscape in film”, in A Companion to Cultural Geography Eds DuncanJJohnsonN CScheinR (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford) pp 420–429.
57.
PresdeeM, 2000Cultural Criminology and the Carnival of Crime (Routledge, London).
RoseMWylieJ, 2006, “Animating landscape”Environment and Planning D: Society and Space24475–479.
60.
SavilleS J, 2008, “Playing with fear: Parkour and the mobility of emotion”Social and Cultural Geography9891–914.
61.
SimonJ, 2007Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear (Oxford University Press, Oxford).
62.
SinwelskiS AVintonL, 2001, “Stalking: The constant threat of violence”Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work1646–65.
63.
SmartC, 1989Feminism and the Power of Law (Routledge, London).
64.
SmartC, 1995Law, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism (Sage, London).
65.
SmithS JPainR, 2009, “Critical geopolitics and everyday fears”, in Fear of Crime: Critical Voices in an Age of Anxiety Eds LeeMFarrallS (Routledge, London) pp 45–58.
66.
SobchakV, 1998, “Lounge time: Postwar crises and the chronotope of film noir”, in Refiguring American Genres: Theory and History Ed. BrowneN (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA) pp 129–170.
67.
StankoE, 1990Everyday Violence: How Men and Women Experience Sexual and Physical Danger (Pandora, London).
68.
ThienD, 2005, “After or beyond feeling? A consideration of affect and emotion in geography”Area37450–456.
69.
ThomasT, 2005Sex Crime: Sex Offending and Society (Willan, Cullompton, Devon).
70.
ThriftN, 1996Spatial Formations (Sage, London).
71.
ThriftN, 1997, “The still point: Expressive embodiment and dance”, in Geographies of Resistance Eds PileSKeithM (Routledge, London) pp 124–151.
72.
ThriftN, 1999, “Steps to an ecology of place”, in Human Geography Today Eds MasseyDAllenJSarreP (Polity Press, Cambridge) pp 295–322.
73.
ThriftN, 2000, “Afterwords”Environment and Planning D: Society and Space18213–255.
74.
ThriftNDewsburyJ-D, 2000, “Dead geographies—and how to make them live”Environment and Planning D: Society and Space18411–432.
75.
Tolia-KellyD, 2006, “Affect—and ethnocentric encounter? Exploring the ‘universalist’ imperative of emotional/affectual geographies”Area38213–217.
76.
ValentineG, 1992, “Images of danger: Women's sources of information about the spatial distribution of male violence”Area2422–29.
77.
van SwaaningenR, 1999, “Reclaiming critical criminology: Social justice and the European tradition”Theoretical Criminology35–28.
78.
WalbySAllenJ, 2004Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault and Stalking: Findings from the British Crime SurveyHome Office Research Study 276, Home Office, London.
79.
WarnerM, 2002Publics and Counterpublics (Zone Books, New York).
