In this paper I explore connections between representational and material space as expressed in conflicts over ethnic tourism in the American Southwest. Using the case of Gallup, New Mexico, I first examine how a specific regional discourse was embodied in a plan to create a National Indian Memorial Park. In this discourse, space is rendered a quaint ‘Land of Enchantment’. In the remainder of the paper, I discuss attempts by American Indian activists to challenge this production of space through various material and representational efforts. The outcome of these efforts is reflected in the resulting space produced, and illustrates some of the complex spatial politics around ethnic tourism.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlbersPJamesW R, 1988, “Travel photography: A methodological approach”Annals of Tourism Research15134–158.
2.
ArchambaultJ A, 1985The Gallup Inter-tribal Indian Ceremonial. An Examination of Patron — Client Relations PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
3.
BabcockB A, 1990, “‘A new Mexican Rebecca’: Imaging Pueblo women”Journal of the Southwest32400–437.
4.
BabcockB A, 1994, “Pueblo cultural bodies”Journal of American Folklore107(423) 40–54.
5.
BlatchfordH, 1973, “Little Chicago” unpublished manuscript; available in Gallup Public Library, topical files.
6.
CresswellT, 1993, “Mobility as resistance: A geographical reading of Kerouac's ‘On the Road’”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series18249–262.
7.
DauberK, 1990, “Pueblo pottery and the politics of regional identity”Journal of the Southwest32576–596.
8.
DauberK, 1993Shaping the Clay: Pueblo Pottery, Cultural Sponsorship and Regional Identity in New Mexico PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
9.
DeloriaP, 1998Playing Indian (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT).
10.
DilworthL, 1996aImaging Indians in the Southwest: Persistent Visions of a Primitive Past (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC).
11.
DilworthL, 1996b, “Discovering Indians in Fred Harvey's Southwest”, in The Great Southwest of the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railway Eds WeigleMBabcockB A, (The Heard Museum, Phoenix, AZ) pp 159–167.
12.
ERA, 1967, “Expansion Program for the Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial at Gallup, New Mexico: A National Indian Memorial Park”, Economics Research Associates; available in Gallup Public Library, topical files.
13.
GrattanV L, 1980Mary Colter: Builder Upon the Red Earth (Northland Press, Flagstaff, AZ).
HinsleyC M, 1990, “Authoring authenticity”Journal of the Southwest32462–478.
16.
HinsleyC M, 1991, “The world as marketplace: Commodification of the exotic at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893”, in Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display Eds KarpELevineS, (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC) pp 344–365.
17.
hooksb, 1990Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics (South End Press, Boston, MA).
KroppP, 1996, “‘There is a little sermon in that’: Constructing the native Southwest at the San Diego Panama–California Exposition of 1915”, in The Great Southwest of the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railway Eds WeigleMBabcockB A, (The Heard Museum, Phoenix, AZ)pp 36–46.
26.
LefebvreH, 1991The Production of Space (Blackwell, Oxford).
27.
MacCannellD, 1976The Tourist (Shocken Books, New York).
28.
MacCannellD, 1992Empty Meeting Ground: The Tourist Papers (Routledge, New York).
29.
McClintockA, 1995Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest (Routledge, New York).
30.
MeinigD W, 1971Southwest: Three Peoples in Geographical Change 1600–1970 (Oxford University Press, Oxford).
31.
Memorial to the American Indian Foundation, 1955, brochure; available in Gallup Public Library, topical files.
32.
MitchellD, 1996Lie of the Land: Migrant Workers and the California Landscape (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN).
33.
NoeS, 1991Greetings From Gallup: Six Decades of Route 661996 edition (Robert C Noe, Noe Enterprises, Gallup).
34.
RedhouseJ, 1970, “Letter to the editor”Dine' Baa-Hani September 1970.
35.
RileyM J, 1994, “Constituting the Southwest, contesting the Southwest, re-inventing the Southwest”Journal of the Southwest36221–241.
36.
RodriguezS, 1989, “Art, tourism, and race relations in Taos: Towards a sociology of the art colony”Journal of Anthropological Research45(1) 77–99.
37.
RodriguezS, 1990, “Ethnic reconstruction in contemporary Taos”Journal of the Southwest32541–555.
38.
RodriguezS, 1997, “Tourism, whiteness, and the vanishing Anglo”, paper presented at Seeing and Being Seen: Tourism in the American West Conference, Center of the American West, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; forthcoming (2001) in Seeing and Being Seen: Tourism and the American West Eds WrobelD MLongP, (University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS).
39.
RubensteinH, 1983, “Political repression in New Mexico: The destruction of the National Miners' Union in Gallup”, in Labor in New Mexico Ed. KernR, (University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM) pp 91–140.
SaidE, 1993Culture and Imperialism (Vintage Books, New York).
43.
SilkoL, 1977Ceremony (Viking Penguin, New York).
44.
Sleep-In, no date, pamphlet available in Gallup Public Library, topical files.
45.
SmithN, 1992, “Contours of a spatialized politics: Homeless vehicles and the production of geographical scale”Social Text3354–81.
46.
SmithN, 1993, “Homeless/global: Scaling places”, in Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change Eds BirdJCurtisBPutnamTRobertsonGTicknerL, (Routledge, New York) pp 67–83.
47.
SpicerE, 1962Cycles of Conquest: The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533–1960 (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ).
48.
SpurrD, 1993The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration (Duke University Press, Durham).
49.
TellingI, 1952New Mexican Frontiers: A Social History of the Gallup Area 1881–1901 PhD dissertation, History Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
50.
TrillinC, 1971, “Gallup, New Mexico: Drunken Indians”The New Yorker 25 September, page 108f.
51.
TrillinC, 1973, “Gallup, NM: You always turn your head”New Yorker 12 August, 122f.
52.
UrryJ, 1990The Tourist Gaze (Sage, London).
53.
WadeE, 1985, “The ethnic art market in the Southwest”, in Objects and Others: Essays on Museums and Material Culture Ed. StockingJ G W, (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison) pp 167–191.
54.
WeigleM, 1990, “Southwest lures: Innocents detoured, incensed determined”Journal of the Southwest32499–540.
55.
WeigleMBabcockB A, (Eds), 1996The Great Southwest of the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railway (The Heard Museum, Phoenix, AZ).
56.
WeylerR, 1992Blood of the Land: The Government and Corporate War Against First Nations (New Society Publishers, Philadelphia, PA).
57.
WilsonC, 1990, “New Mexico in the tradition of romantic reaction”, in Pueblo Style and Regional Architecture Eds MarkovichN CPreiserW F ESturmF G, (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York).
