In this article, a study of State intervention in urban planning in post-World-War-II Italy is presented. These interventions are explained dialectically as attempted solutions to the contradictions and conflicts surrounding the use of urban land. The major contradiction centers around the necessity for a more rational urban development and the private control of urban land. The conflicts generated by this contradiction arc seen as historically specific and tied to changes in the class struggle. Through historical analysis, I show how various planning laws were the response to legitimation needs raised by developments in the class struggle. The Italian State, however, is constrained by: (1) its commitment to supporting capital accumulation through the private appropriation of urban land; and (2) its political indebtedness to real-estate interests, thus making attempts at land-use planning cither stillborn or inadequate and contradictory, generating, in turn, other contradictions and struggles.
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