Ten concepts of equity or justice are identified which might be applied in transport policy. A detailed examination of legislation and related debates in the United Kingdom reveals that most transport debate has been concentrated on issues of formal equality, particularly in relation to the burden of costs, and the meeting of basic needs in relation to transport provision. Equity considerations have become more prominent in transport policy over the period studied.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Note: All government publications are listed chronologically below in the Appendix.
2.
AltshulerA, 1979The Urban Transportation System (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)
3.
BanisterD, 1983, “Equity issues in transport”, final report to SSRC; copy from Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, University of London
4.
BarryB, 1965Political Argument (Routledge and Kegan Paul, Andover, Hants)
5.
BendittT M, 1985, “The demands of justice”Ethics95224–232
6.
BennSPetersR, 1959Social Principles and the Democratic State (Allen and Unwin, London)
7.
BonaviaM, 1936The Economics of Transport (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
8.
CampbellT D, 1973, “Formal justice and rule change”Analysis33 (4) 113–118
9.
Council for Science and Society, 1986, “Access for all”, Council for Science and Society, 3 St Andrew's Hill, London EC4
10.
CulyerA J, 1980The Political Economy of Social Policy (Martin Robertson, Oxford)
11.
DworkinR, 1981, “What is equality? Part 1”Philosophy and Public Affairs10185–246
12.
Friends of the Earth, 1987Getting There (Friends of the Earth, London)
13.
GregoryR, 1967, “The minister's line: Or, the M4 comes to Berkshire”Public Administration44113–128, 269–286
14.
GwilliamK M, 1979, “Institutions and objectives in transport policy”Journal of Transport Economics and Policy1311–27
15.
HallP, 1976, “Rail, roads and Pavlov”New Society38560–562
16.
HartH L A, 1984, “Are there any natural rights?”, reprinted in Theories of Rights Ed. WaldronJ, (Oxford University Press, Oxford) pp 77–90 (first published 1955)
17.
HibbsJ, 1982, “Transport without politics?”, Hobart paper 95, Institute of Economic Affairs, London
18.
HillR, 1986, “Urban transport: From technical process to social policy”, in The Contemporary British City Eds LawlessPRabanC, (Harper and Row, London) pp 85–106
19.
HodgeS, 1986, “Social impacts of urban transportation decisions: Equity issues”, in The Geography of Urban Transportation Ed. HansonS, (Guilford Press, New York) pp 301–327
20.
HohfeldW N, 1923Fundamental Legal Conceptions (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT)
21.
HonoreA M, 1970, “Social justice”, in Essays in Legal Philosophy Ed. SummersR S, (Basil Blackwell, Oxford) pp 61–94
22.
HumeD, 1978A Treatise of Human Nature, Book 3 Ed. NidditchP H, (Clarendon Press, Oxford)
23.
KoutsopoulosK C, 1980a, “Concepts of transportation need revisited”Transportation Research Recordnumber 761, pp 66–69
24.
KoutsopoulosK C, 1980b, “Determining transport needs”Traffic Quarterly34397–412
25.
Le GrandJ, 1982The Strategy of Equality (Allen and Unwin, London)