In this paper we present a representation of shapes and shape semantics, and processes for the emergence of shape semantics. Constraints on the behaviours of shapes are used to define shape semantics, in particular, visual symmetry and visual rhythm. A process model of emergence of shape semantics which relies on this representation is developed. The discovery of symmetry in architectural plans is demonstrated.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArnheimR, 1966Art and Visual Perception (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA)
2.
BaglivoJ AGraverJ E, 1983Incidence and Symmetry in Design and Architecture (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
3.
ClarkR HPauseM, 1985Precedents in Architecture (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York)
4.
GeroJ S, 1992, “Shapes emergence and symbolic reasoning using infinite maximal lines”, unpublished notes, Design Computing Unit, Department of Architectural and Design Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney
5.
GeroJ SDamskiJ CJunH J, 1995, “Emergence in CAAD systems”, in The Global Design Studio—CAAD Futures '95 Eds TanMTehR (National University of Singapore Press, Singapore) pp 423–438
6.
GeroJ SJunH J, 1995a, “Getting computers to read the architectural semantics of drawings”, in Computing in Design: Enabling, Capturing and Sharing Ideas—ACADIA '95 Eds KalisperisL NKolarevicB (Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, Seattle, WA) pp 97–112
7.
GeroJ SJunH J, 1995b, “Visual semantics emergence to support creative designing: A computational view”, in Preprints Computational Models of Creative Design Eds GeroJ SMaherM LSudweeksF (Key Centre of Design Computing, Department of Architectural and Design Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney) pp 87–116
8.
GeroJ SYanM, 1993, “Discovering emergent shapes using a data-driven symbolic model”, in CAAD Futures '93 Eds FlemmingUWykS (Elsevier, Amsterdam) pp 3–17
9.
GeroJ SYanM, 1994, “Shape emergence by symbolic reasoning”Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design21191–212
10.
JenkinsB, 1983, “Component process in the perception of bilaterally symmetric dot textures”Perception and Psychophysics34433–440
11.
KrishnamurtiR, 1980, “The arithmetic of shapes”Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design7463–484
12.
KrishnamurtiR, 1981, “The construction of shapes”Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design85–40
13.
LiuY-T, 1993, “A connectionist approach to shape recognition and transformation”, in CAAD Futures '93 Eds FlemmingUvan WykS (Elsevier, Amsterdam) pp 19–36
14.
MarchLSteadmanP, 1974The Geometry of Environment (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)
15.
MeissP, 1986Elements of Architecture (Van Nostrand Reinhold, London)
16.
MitchellW J, 1990The Logic of Architecture (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)
17.
SchönD, 1983The Reflective Practitioner (Basic Books, New York)
18.
SchönD AWigginsG, 1992, “Kinds of seeing and their functions in designing”Design Studies13135–156
19.
StevensK A, 1978, “Computation of locally parallel structure”Biological Cybernetics2919–28
20.
StinyG, 1980, “Introduction to shape and shape grammars”Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design7343–351
21.
StinyG, 1985, “Computing with form and meaning in architecture”Journal of Architectural Education39(1) 7–19
22.
StinyG, 1993, “Emergence and continuity in shape grammars”, in CAAD Futures '93 Eds FlemmingUvan WykS (Elsevier, Amsterdam) pp 37–54
23.
SuwaMGeroJ SPurcellT, 1998, “Analysis of cognitive processes of a designer as the foundation for support tools”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design 98 Eds GeroJ SSudweeksF (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 229–248
