A wide range of possible measures for the conservation of energy in buildings are reviewed. The survey is made in the context of the American situation and covers energy use in space heating and cooling, water heating, lighting, and domestic and other appliances. Topics discussed include ‘total energy’ systems, insulation, heat losses through ventilation, solar heat gain, heat of lights, life-cycle costing, heat pumps, standards of heating and cooling, lighting standards, appliance design, energy costs of building materials, and potential savings from energy conservation measures. Many of these areas are the subject of much detailed research in their own right; the purpose of the present broad review is to try to set the variety of separate possibilities for conservation in the context of a potentially systematic view of their overall interrelationship, and in the context of building design seen as a whole.
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3.
BeckmanWeidt, 1973, “Archiecoframe”, Department of Architecture, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
4.
Consolidated Edison, 1973, 101 Ways to Conserve Electricity at Home (Consolidated Edison, New York).
5.
Consolidated Edison, no date, 10 Ways to Save a Watt (Consolidated Edison, New York).
6.
DanielsF., 1964, Direct Use of the Sun's Energy (Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.).
7.
DaviesG. M., 1971, “Model studies of St. George's school, Wallasey”, Journal of the Institute of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 39, 77–80.
8.
DaviesG. M.SturrockN. S.BensonA. C., 1971, “Some results of measurements in St. George's school, Wallasey”, Journal of the Institute of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 39, 80–84.
9.
DubinF. S., 1972a, “Energy conservation needs new architecture and engineering”, Public Power, March-April, pp. 20–23* 56.
10.
DubinF. S., 1972b, “If you want to save energy …”, American Institute of Architects Journal, December, pp. 18–21.
11.
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12.
DubinF. S., 1973b, “GSA's energy conservation test building—a report”, Actual Specifying Engineer, August, pp. 84–92.
13.
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14.
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15.
HottelH. C.HowardJ. B., 1971, New Energy Technology—Some Facts and Assessments (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.).
16.
Intertechnology Corporation, 1971, The US Energy Problem, volume 2, appendix A; quoted in The Potential for Energy Conservation, Office of Emergency Preparedness, Washington, DC (US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC), appendix D, pp. D4–D5.
17.
LamW. M. C., 1964, paper given to the American Association of School Administrators; quoted in “Alternative approaches to the environmental crisis”, CommonerB., Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, 1972, 79 (10), 423–429.
18.
MacKillopA., 1972, “Low energy housing”, Ecologist, 2 (12), 4–11.
19.
MakhijaniA. B.LichtenbergA. J., 1971, “An assessment of energy and materials utilization in the USA”, memorandum ERL-M310, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.
20.
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21.
Office of Emergency Preparedness, 1972, The Potential for Energy Conservation, a staff study, Executive Office of the President, Office of Emergency Preparedness, Washington, DC (US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).
22.
OlgyayV. G., 1963, Design with Climate (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).
23.
RudofskyB., 1964, Architecture without Architects (Museum of Modern Art, New York).
24.
SmithG. E., 1972, “Economics of solar collectors, heat pumps and wind generators”, Working Paper 3, Technical Research Division, Department of Architecture, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England.
25.
Stanford Research Institute, 1971, Patterns of Energy Consumption in the United States (Stanford Research Institute, California).
26.
SteinR. G., 1972, “Spotlight on the energy crisis: How architects can help”, American Institute of Architects Journal, 57(6), 18–23.
27.
Wood Conversion Company, 1961, The Invisible Family Test House (Wood Conversion Company, St. Paul, Minnesota).
28.
WrightH. N., 1936, Solar Radiation as Related to Summer Cooling and Winter Radiation in Residences, preliminary study for the John B. Pierce Foundation, New York.
