There is an extensive literature on various aspects of segregation in Northern Ireland (NI). However, there are no census-based analyses of population change and residential segregation that cover the entire 1971–2001 period using consistent geographical units through time for all NI. This shortcoming is addressed in this paper by an analysis of changes in (i) the spatial distribution of population and (ii) residential segregation between 1971 and 2001 using the NI Grid-Square Product comprising data for a set of 1km2 cells that cover all populated areas in NI. The substantive issue of whether NI has become more segregated through time is addressed as are questions about measuring change through time using the census and the importance of spatial scale. One important conclusion is that NI indeed became more residential^ segregated between 1971 and 2001, but that residential segregation in 2001 remained approximately at its 1991 level according to most indicators.
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