Autocorrelation provides a means of characterising spatial structure, yet different kinds of structure are revealed in different spaces. The choice of weights when calculating an autocorrelation statistic is discussed. An examination of autocorrelation in transformed spaces is suggested and illustrated empirically by use of correlograms for German population data and autocorrelation statistics for Swedish population data. Transformations are accomplished by use of multidimensional scaling.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AblerR FAdamsJGouldP, 1971Spatial Organization: The Geographer's View of the World (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ)
2.
AgterbergF P, 1970“Autocorrelation functions in geology” in Geostatistics Ed. MerriamD, (Plenum Press, New York) pp 113–141
3.
BannisterG, 1975“Population change in Southern Ontario”Annals of the Association of American Geographers65177–188
4.
BerryB J L, 1971“Problems of data organization and analytical methods in geography”Journal of the American Statistical Association66510–523
5.
ChapmanG P, 1977Human and Environmental Systems: A Geographer's Appraisal (Academic Press, London)
6.
ChomskyN, 1965Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass)
7.
CliffA DHaggettPOrdJ KBassettKDaviesR, 1975Elements of Spatial Structure: A Quantitative Approach (Cambridge University Press, London)
DelfinerPDelhommeJ P, 1975“Optimum interpolation by kriging” in Display and Analysis of Spatial Data Eds DavisJ CMcCullaghM J, (John Wiley, New York) pp 96–114
11.
EbdonD, 1977Statistics in Geography: A Practical Approach (Basil Blackwell, Oxford)
12.
EwingG OWolfeR, 1977“Surface feature interpolation on two-dimensional time-space maps”Environment and Planning A9429–437
13.
GatrellA C, 1977a“An introduction to spatial autocorrelation and its geographical applications” DP-2, Department of Geography, University of Salford, Salford
14.
GatrellA C, 1977b“Complexity and redundancy in binary maps”Geographical Analysis929–41
15.
GatrellA C, 1979“The autocorrelation structure of central-place populations in Southern Germany” in Statistical Applications in the Spatial Sciences Ed. WrigleyN, (Pion, London) forthcoming
16.
GolledgeR GRushtonG, 1972“Multidimensional scaling: Review and geographical applications” TP-10, Commission on. College Geography, Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC
17.
GouldP, 1975“Mathematics in geography: Conceptual revolution or new tool?”International Social Science Journal27303–327
18.
GrangerC W J, 1969“Spatial data and time series analysis” in London Papers in Regional Science 1. Studies in Regional Science Ed. ScottA J, (Pion, London) pp 1–24
19.
HaggettPCliffA DFreyA E, 1977Locational Analysis in Human Geographysecond edition (Edward Arnold, London)
20.
HeppleLUnwinD, 1974“The statistical analysis of spatial series”The Statistician23211–227
21.
HodderIOrtonC, 1976Spatial Analysis in Archaeology (Cambridge University Press, London)
22.
HodgeDGatrellA C, 1976“Spatial constraint and the location of urban public facilities”Environment and Planning A8215–230
23.
KooijmanS A L M, 1976“Some remarks on the statistical analysis of grids especially with respect to ecology”Annals of Systems Research5113–132
24.
MarchandB, 1973“Deformation of a transportation surface”Annals of the Association of American Geographers63507–521
25.
MartinR LOeppenJ E, 1975“The identification of regional forecasting models using space-time correlation functions”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers6695–118
26.
MeadR, 1971“Models for interplant competition in irregularly spaced populations” in Statistical Ecology, Volume 2 Eds PatilG PPielouE CWatersW E, (Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa) pp 13–30
27.
OrdJ K, 1975“Estimation methods for models of spatial interaction”Journal of the American Statistical Association70120–126
28.
RushtonG, 1972“Map transformations of point patterns: Central place patterns in areas of variable population density”Papers of the Regional Science Association28111–129
29.
SibertJ, 1975Spatial Autocorrelation and the Optimal Prediction of Assessed Values Geographical Publication 14, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
30.
ThomasR W, 1977“An interpretation of the journey-to-work on Merseyside using entropy-maximising methods”Environment and Planning A9817–834
31.
ToblerW, 1965“Computation of the correspondence of geographical patterns”Papers of the Regional Science Association14131–139
32.
ToblerW, 1967“Of maps and matrices”Journal of Regional Science7275–280
33.
ToblerW, 1969“Geographical filters and their inverses”Geographical Analysis1234–253
34.
ToblerW, 1970“A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region”Economic Geography46234–240
35.
ToblerWMielkeHDetwylerT, 1970“Geobotanical distance between New Zealand and neighboring islands”Bioscience6537–542
