This paper establishes the convergence of iterative routines for matrix balancing in which some row and some column totals must equal prespecified positive numbers. This balancing procedure is called a modified biproportional problem. Applications of the procedure are cited, various theoretical properties discussed, and its relationship with the full biproportional problem, treated in an earlier paper (Macgill, 1977a), is noted.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BacharachM, 1965“Estimating non-negative matrices from marginal data”International Economic Review6294–310
2.
BacharachM, 1970Biproportional Matrices and Input–Output Change (Cambridge University Press, London)
3.
BattyM, 1977“Operational urban models incorporating dynamics in a static framework”Department of Geography, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading
4.
BattyMMasserI, 1975“Spatial decompositions and partitions in urban modelling” in London Papers in Regional Science 5. Regional Science—New Concepts and Old Problems Ed. CrippsE L, (Pion, London) pp 188–206
5.
BearDSeymourC A, 1973“A traffic prediction model for a telephone exchange network” in Proceedings Seventh International Teletraffic Congress, Stockholm 536/1-5, Televerket (Gdk), S-12386, Farsta, Sweden. Sponsored by the Swedish Telecommunication Administration
6.
DarrochJ NRatcliffD, 1972“Generalised iterative scaling for log-linear models”Annals of Mathematical Statistics431470–1480
7.
EvansA W, 1970“Some properties of trip distribution methods”Transportation Research419–36
HadleyG, 1972Non-linear and Dynamic Programming (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass)
10.
HarrisB HWilsonA G, 1978“Equilibrium values and dynamics of attractiveness terms in production-constrained spatial-interaction models”Environment and Planning A10371–388
11.
IrelandC TKullbackS, 1968“Contingency tables with given marginals”Biometrika55179–188
12.
KirbyH R, 1977“Matrix scaling and the Orram/Wright problem”Transport Studies Group, University College London, London (mimeo)
13.
MacgillS M, 1975“Balancing factor methods in urban and regional analysis” WP-124, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds
14.
MacgillS M, 1977a“Theoretical properties of biproportional matrix adjustments”Environment and Planning A9687–701
15.
MacgillS M, 1977b“Activity–commodity spatial interaction models and related applications” Ph D thesis, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds
16.
MacgillS M, 1978“Convergence theorems and related properties of a modified biproportional matrix problem” WP-220, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds
17.
MackettR L, 1974“A residential location model incorporating spatially varying levels of information”Regional Studies8257–265
18.
MenonM V, 1968“Matrix links, an extremisation problem, and the reduction of a non-negative matrix to one with prescribed row and column sums”Canadian Journal of Mathematics20225–232
19.
MurchlandJ D, 1978“Applications, history and properties of bi- and multi-proportional models” JDM-292, Traffic Studies Group, University College London
20.
OrramHWrightC C, 1976“A new technique for traffic studies” in Proceedings PTRC Summer Annual Meeting, London paper K12
21.
SinkhornR, 1967“Diagonal equivalence to matrices with prescribed row and column sums”American Mathematical Monthly74402–405
22.
VisickG T J, 1972“The modified double factor transformation for the prediction of traffic distribution in exchange networks with external links” Memorandum MG/107, Systems Theory Group, The General Electric Company, Hirst Research Centre, Wembley, Middx (mimeo)
23.
WilsonA G, 1969“Development of some elementary residential location models”Journal of Regional Science9377–385
24.
WilsonA G, 1970Entropy in Urban and Regional Modelling (Pion, London)